ATI RN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2023
1. A nurse assesses a client who has a mediastinal chest tube. Which symptoms require the nurse's immediate intervention? (Select ONE that does not apply)
- A. Production of pink sputum
- B. Tracheal deviation
- C. Pain at insertion site
- D. Sudden onset of shortness of breath
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a client with a mediastinal chest tube, the presence of pink sputum does not necessarily require immediate intervention. However, tracheal deviation could indicate a tension pneumothorax, sudden shortness of breath could signal tube issues or pneumothorax, and drainage exceeding 70 mL/hr might suggest hemorrhage. Disconnection at the Y site could lead to air entering the tubing, necessitating prompt attention.
2. Which action by a nurse demonstrates effective communication with a patient?
- A. Providing the patient with written information about their care.
- B. Maintaining eye contact and listening actively to the patient.
- C. Using medical jargon to explain the patient's condition.
- D. Speaking with the patient in a hurried manner to save time.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Maintaining eye contact and actively listening to the patient is crucial in effective communication as it helps build rapport, shows empathy, and ensures that the patient feels heard and understood. Providing written information can be helpful, but the direct interaction is essential for effective communication. Using medical jargon may confuse the patient instead of clarifying their condition. Speaking hurriedly can make the patient feel rushed and not valued, hindering effective communication.
3. What is the most common cause of dementia among elderly persons?
- A. Parkinson’s disease
- B. Multiple sclerosis
- C. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease)
- D. Alzheimer’s disease
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia among elderly persons. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects memory, thinking, and behavior. While Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are serious conditions, they are not typically associated with dementia in the same way Alzheimer’s disease is. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
4. Joseph, a 45-year-old community resident of Baranggay 22-A, suddenly had 2 bouts of soft to almost watery stools after having lunch. While observing his condition at home to decide whether to refer him for medical treatment, you recommended that he boil a decoction of 10-15 leaves of what medicinal plant for 15 minutes on low heat?
- A. Bayabas
- B. Pancit pacitan
- C. Sambong
- D. Lagundi
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Bayabas (guava) leaves are traditionally used for treating diarrhea due to their antimicrobial properties. The decoction of guava leaves can help alleviate diarrhea symptoms and aid in recovery.
5. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has been diagnosed with factitious disorder. Which of the following behaviors should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Intentional production of false symptoms
- B. Lack of concern about symptoms
- C. Fear of gaining weight
- D. Unintentional production of false symptoms
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Individuals with factitious disorder deliberately fabricate or exaggerate symptoms to assume the sick role and garner attention. They may show a lack of concern about their symptoms, a phenomenon known as la belle indifférence. Fear of gaining weight is not typically associated with factitious disorder. Therefore, the correct behavior to expect in a client with factitious disorder is the intentional production of false symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as lack of concern about symptoms and fear of gaining weight are not characteristic of factitious disorder. Additionally, factitious disorder involves the intentional, not unintentional, production of false symptoms.
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