Nursing Elites

1. A hospitalized child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is receiving high doses of prednisone. What nursing goal is appropriate for this child?

• A. Stimulate appetite
• B. Detect evidence of edema
• C. Minimize risk of infection
• D. Promote adherence to the antibiotic regimen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Prednisone, an immunosuppressant, increases the child's susceptibility to infections, making infection prevention a critical nursing goal. Detecting edema and stimulating appetite are important but secondary to preventing potentially life-threatening infections.

2. Which data should be included in a health history?

• A. Review of systems
• B. Physical assessment
• C. Growth measurements
• D. Record of vital signs

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The review of systems is a critical part of a health history, helping to identify any symptoms or conditions that need further evaluation.

3. A teen with asthma asks the nurse why it is hard to breathe during an asthma attack. The nurse explains that exposure to a “trigger” results in which of these manifestations?

• A. Bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production
• B. Air trapping and hypo-inflation of the alveoli
• C. Air trapping and decreased blood flow to the upper airway
• D. Bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and excess mucus production

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Asthma triggers cause bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production, leading to difficulty breathing. This combination of manifestations results in narrowing of the airways, making it hard for the individual to breathe effectively. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because during an asthma attack, bronchodilation, muscle relaxation, and decreased mucus production do not occur. Instead, the airways constrict, become inflamed, and produce excess mucus, contributing to the breathing difficulties experienced by individuals with asthma.

4. What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend as the best form of infant nutrition?

• A. Exclusive breastfeeding until 1 year of age
• B. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age
• C. Commercially prepared infant formula until 1 year of age
• D. Commercially prepared infant formula until 4 to 6 months of age

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates for exclusive breastfeeding until 1 year of age as the best form of infant nutrition. Breastfeeding for the first year of life provides optimal nutrition and benefits for the infant. Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age is not in line with the AAP's recommendation for a full year. While commercially prepared infant formula is an alternative if breastfeeding is not possible, it is not the preferred choice according to AAP guidelines. The recommendation for commercial infant formula until 1 year of age is not in line with the AAP's stance on the benefits of extended breastfeeding.

5. A child is admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse expect the urinalysis during this acute phase to show?

• A. Bacteriuria and hematuria
• B. Hematuria and proteinuria
• C. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity
• D. Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hematuria (blood in the urine) and proteinuria (protein in the urine) are common findings in acute glomerulonephritis due to inflammation of the glomeruli. Bacteriuria and changes in specific gravity are not as directly associated with this condition.

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