Nursing Elites

1. A client with gastric cancer may exhibit which of the following symptoms?

• A. Abdominal cramping
• B. Constant hunger
• C. Feeling of fullness
• D. Weight gain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Clients with gastric cancer may experience a feeling of fullness due to the presence of the tumor.

2. An enema is prescribed for a client with suspected appendicitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Prepare 750 ml of irrigating solution warmed to 100*F
• B. Question the physician about the order
• C. Provide privacy and explain the procedure to the client
• D. Assist the client to left lateral Sim’s position

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An enema is contraindicated in clients with suspected appendicitis because it can increase the risk of perforation. It is important to verify the appropriateness of this order with the physician.

3. The most important pathophysiologic factor contributing to the formation of esophageal varices is:

• A. Decreased prothrombin formation
• B. Decreased albumin formation by the liver
• C. Portal hypertension
• D. Increased central venous pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Portal hypertension is the most important pathophysiologic factor contributing to the formation of esophageal varices.

4. Which of the following definitions best describes gastritis?

• A. Erosion of the gastric mucosa
• B. Inflammation of a diverticulum
• C. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa
• D. Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Inflammation of the gastric mucosa.' Gastritis is characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining, specifically the gastric mucosa. This inflammation can be caused by various factors such as infections, medications, alcohol, or autoimmune diseases. Choice A, 'Erosion of the gastric mucosa,' is incorrect because erosion refers to the wearing away of tissue rather than inflammation. Choice B, 'Inflammation of a diverticulum,' is incorrect because gastritis specifically involves inflammation of the stomach lining, not a diverticulum. Choice D, 'Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus,' describes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is different from gastritis.

5. A client with suspected gastric cancer undergoes an endoscopy of the stomach. Which of the following assessments made after the procedure would indicate the development of a potential complication?

• A. The client complains of a sore throat
• B. The client displays signs of sedation
• C. The client experiences a sudden increase in temperature
• D. The client demonstrates a lack of appetite

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature after an endoscopy can indicate a potential complication, such as perforation.

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