ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children Final ATI
1. A child has a planned hospitalization in a few weeks, and the client and family appear very stressed. Which nursing action will minimize their stress?
- A. Telling the client and family that everything will be fine
- B. Explaining how the child will benefit from the surgery
- C. Telling the client and family that the surgeon is very good
- D. Giving a tour of the hospital unit or surgical area
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing action to minimize the stress of the child and family is giving a tour of the hospital unit or surgical area. Familiarizing them with the hospital environment can help reduce their anxiety by allowing them to see where the child will be staying and the surroundings. Choices A, B, and C do not directly address the need to reduce stress by providing a tangible way to alleviate anxiety through exposure to the hospital setting.
2. The nurse notes that a child has lost 3.6 kg (8 lb) after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this weight loss?
- A. Poor appetite
- B. Reduction of edema
- C. Restriction to bed rest
- D. Increased potassium intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The weight loss is most likely due to the reduction of edema, as glomerulonephritis often causes fluid retention that resolves with treatment, leading to significant weight loss.
3. What is an important consideration in understanding the reactions of parents when their infant is born with physical defects?
- A. Grief lasts until the defects are repaired.
- B. Denial is a common adaptive reaction.
- C. The psychologic reaction is similar to that with the death of an infant.
- D. Reactions of health professionals to the birth of an infant can affect parents’ reactions.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a parent's infant is born with physical defects, understanding the psychological reactions is crucial. The reaction is often similar to the grief experienced when facing the death of a child. Parents need to grieve for the loss of the expected child and adapt to the needs of a child with physical defects. The grief process typically involves stages like shock, frustration, and anger, which can last for years. Denial during the shock phase is not maladaptive but can help parents cope initially. Additionally, parents are sensitive to the behavior of health professionals, whose interactions can significantly influence the parents' reactions to the infant. Therefore, recognizing the similarity of the psychological reaction to grief is an important consideration in understanding how parents cope with their infant's physical defects.
4. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect in a child with sickle cell anemia experiencing an acute vaso-occlusive crisis?
- A. Circulatory collapse, hypovolemia
- B. Cardiomegaly, systolic murmur
- C. Hepatomegaly, intrahepatic cholestasis
- D. Painful swelling of joints in hands and feet, tissue engorgement
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Vaso-occlusive crises in sickle cell anemia are characterized by painful swelling of the joints in the hands and feet (hand-foot syndrome) and tissue engorgement due to the obstruction of blood flow by sickled cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because circulatory collapse, hypovolemia, cardiomegaly, systolic murmur, hepatomegaly, and intrahepatic cholestasis are not typically associated with an acute vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia.
5. Which parental statement indicates correct understanding regarding pancreatic enzyme administration in the treatment of cystic fibrosis?
- A. “I will administer this medication 4 times a day.”
- B. “I will administer this medication twice a day.”
- C. “I will administer this medication with meals and snacks.”
- D. “I will administer this medication every 6 hours with meals.”
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I will administer this medication with meals and snacks." Pancreatic enzymes should be administered with meals and snacks to aid in the digestion of nutrients in children with cystic fibrosis. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because administering the medication without meals and snacks may not provide the necessary support for digestion needed in cystic fibrosis.