Nursing Elites

1. A 28-year-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and glucose control. Which behavior indicates that the nurse should implement additional teaching?

• A. The patient always carries hard candies when engaging in exercise.
• B. The patient goes for a vigorous walk when his glucose is 200 mg/dL.
• C. The patient has a peanut butter sandwich before going for a bicycle ride.
• D. The patient increases daily exercise when ketones are present in the urine.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because increasing exercise when ketones are present in the urine is inappropriate and potentially dangerous for a patient with type 1 diabetes. This behavior can worsen the ketosis and lead to further complications. Choices A, B, and C demonstrate appropriate self-management strategies for a patient with type 1 diabetes. Carrying hard candies during exercise can help prevent hypoglycemia, going for a walk with a glucose level of 200 mg/dL can help lower blood sugar, and having a snack before physical activity can provide necessary energy.

2. The problem of overrating staff performance is called ___________ .

• A. Recency error
• B. Absolute judgment
• C. Halo error
• D. Leniency error

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Leniency error.' Leniency error occurs when a manager tends to overrate staff performance, giving higher ratings than deserved. Choice A, 'Recency error,' refers to the tendency to focus only on recent behaviors or events when evaluating performance. Choice B, 'Absolute judgment,' is not directly related to overrating staff performance; it refers to making evaluations without considering the context or comparison points. Choice C, 'Halo error,' involves allowing one positive aspect of an individual to overshadow other factors in performance evaluation, which is different from overrating overall staff performance.

3. There are many ways to ensure that your appraisal system is nondiscriminatory. Which of the following is one way to ensure this?

• A. Giving the appraisal once per year
• B. Having no appeal process
• C. Withholding information from the employee
• D. Not allowing any input from the employee

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To ensure that an appraisal system is nondiscriminatory, one important step is to provide the appraisal once per year. This allows for ongoing evaluation and helps prevent bias. Choice B is incorrect because having no appeal process can lead to unfair treatment without a chance for review. Choice C is incorrect as withholding information from the employee can hinder transparency and objectivity. Choice D is incorrect as not allowing any input from the employee can overlook valuable insights and perspectives that could contribute to a fair evaluation process.

4. What is the primary role of the nurse manager in risk management?

• A. Ensure compliance with regulations
• B. Report incidents to higher authorities
• C. Minimize risks to patients and staff
• D. Educate staff about safe practices

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Minimize risks to patients and staff. Nurse managers play a crucial role in risk management by identifying potential risks, implementing strategies to reduce or eliminate these risks, and ensuring a safe environment for patients and staff. Choice A is incorrect because while ensuring compliance with regulations is important, the primary role of the nurse manager in risk management is to minimize risks. Choice B is incorrect as reporting incidents is part of risk management but not the primary role of a nurse manager. Choice D is also a responsibility of nurse managers, but educating staff about safe practices is not the primary focus when it comes to risk management.

5. As the definition of nursing evolved, which of the following nurse theorists focused on the uniqueness of nursing?

• A. Florence Nightingale
• B. Virginia Henderson
• C. Martha Rogers
• D. Abraham Maslow

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Virginia Henderson�s definition of nursing focused on its uniqueness.

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