ATI RN
ATI RN Custom Exams Set 1
1. Which of the following is a potential side effect associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?
- A. Stomach irritation and bleeding
- B. Stomatitis and esophagitis
- C. Impaired folate absorption
- D. Increased potassium excretion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stomach irritation and bleeding. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause stomach irritation and bleeding due to their effects on gastric mucosa. Stomatitis and esophagitis (Choice B) are not typically associated with NSAID use. While NSAIDs may affect renal function, leading to fluid retention and edema, they do not directly cause increased potassium excretion (Choice D). Impaired folate absorption (Choice C) is not a common side effect of NSAIDs.
2. Which drug undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism?
- A. Heparin
- B. Insulin
- C. Propranolol
- D. Nitroglycerin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism in the liver. When administered orally, propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, leading to reduced bioavailability. This process is known as first-pass hepatic metabolism, which significantly affects the drug's effectiveness and necessitates higher oral doses compared to other routes of administration. Heparin (Choice A) is not metabolized by the liver but excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Insulin (Choice B) is a peptide hormone that is not subject to significant first-pass metabolism. Nitroglycerin (Choice D) is primarily metabolized in the blood and tissues, bypassing significant first-pass metabolism in the liver.
3. An oncology nurse is providing care for an adult patient who is currently immunocompromised. The nurse is aware of the physiology involved in hematopoiesis and immune function, including the salient role of cytokines. What is the primary role of cytokines in maintaining homeostasis?
- A. Cytokines perform phagocytosis in response to bacterial and protozoal infections.
- B. Cytokines perform a regulatory role in the development of diverse blood cells.
- C. Cytokines play a significant role in the formation of all blood cells.
- D. Cytokines are produced in response to the presence of antibodies.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary role of cytokines in maintaining homeostasis is to perform a regulatory function in the development of diverse blood cells. Cytokines act as signaling molecules that regulate the immune response and hematopoiesis. Choice A is incorrect because cytokines do not perform phagocytosis; they regulate immune responses. Choice C is incorrect because while cytokines are involved in the formation of some blood cells, they are not considered the basic 'building blocks' of all blood cells. Choice D is incorrect because cytokines are not formed in response to antibodies, but rather play a role in the immune response to various stimuli.
4. Death of bone tissue can occur when the blood supply to the bone is disrupted. What is this complication called?
- A. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
- B. Avascular necrosis
- C. Delayed union
- D. Complex regional pain syndrome
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, avascular necrosis. Avascular necrosis is the condition where bone tissue dies due to the disruption of blood supply to the bone. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (Choice A) is a chronic pain condition, delayed union (Choice C) refers to a delayed healing of a fracture, and complex regional pain syndrome (Choice D) is a chronic pain condition typically affecting an arm or leg.
5. Which best describes an effective approach to community health assessment?
- A. Using standardized assessment tools
- B. Collecting qualitative and quantitative data
- C. Engaging community members in the assessment process
- D. Analyzing health trends over time
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Engaging community members in the assessment process is crucial for an effective community health assessment. By involving community members, the assessment becomes more comprehensive, inclusive, and reflective of the actual needs and priorities of the community. This approach helps in gathering insights, perspectives, and first-hand experiences that may not be captured through standardized tools or data analysis alone. Community engagement fosters trust, collaboration, and empowerment within the community, leading to more meaningful and sustainable health interventions.