Nursing Elites

1. __________ may heighten the effects of a high-fat diet.

• A. Sex hormones
• B. Over-the-counter medications
• C. Free radicals
• D. Low body weight

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Free radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, increasing the risk of conditions associated with a high-fat diet. When consuming a high-fat diet, the body may produce more free radicals, leading to oxidative damage. Sex hormones, over-the-counter medications, and low body weight do not directly heighten the effects of a high-fat diet like free radicals do.

2. Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory ________.

• A. overemphasize the plasticity of cognitive development
• B. overestimate people's contributions to their own development
• C. offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences
• D. overemphasize each individual's unique life history

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences. This is because they focus mainly on observable behaviors and external factors, neglecting the role of internal cognitive processes and individual differences in shaping development. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because behaviorism and social learning theory do not specifically emphasize the plasticity of cognitive development, overestimate people's contributions to their own development, or overemphasize each individual's unique life history. Instead, they are criticized for providing a limited perspective by focusing predominantly on external stimuli and behaviors.

3. In the information-processing system, where does information first enter?

• A. central executive
• B. short-term memory store
• C. sensory register
• D. long-term memory store

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the information-processing system, information first enters the sensory register. This is where sensory information from the environment is briefly stored before being processed further. The central executive is responsible for coordinating cognitive processes, the short-term memory store holds information temporarily for immediate tasks, and the long-term memory store stores information for long periods, but the sensory register is the initial entry point for incoming information.

4. The first successful intelligence test was originally constructed to __________.

• A. measure individual differences in IQ
• B. document age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning
• C. identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes
• D. compare the scores of people who varied in gender, ethnicity, and birth order

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The first successful intelligence test, the Binet-Simon Scale, was originally developed to identify children with learning problems who required special educational interventions. Choice A is incorrect because measuring individual differences in IQ was not the primary purpose of the test. Choice B is incorrect because documenting age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning was not the main goal of the test. Choice D is incorrect because comparing the scores of people based on gender, ethnicity, and birth order was not the intended use of the intelligence test.

5. What is the function of the amniotic fluid?

• A. Delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
• B. Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant
• C. Delivers nutrients and removes waste products
• D. Produces blood cells until the organs are mature enough to take over this function

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Helps keep the temperature of the prenatal world constant.' Amniotic fluid helps maintain a stable and warm environment for the developing organism, assisting in regulating the temperature. This fluid also acts as a cushion, protecting the fetus from physical harm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while amniotic fluid provides protection and support to the developing organism, it does not directly deliver food, oxygen, nutrients, or remove waste products, nor does it produce blood cells as the organs eventually take over this function.

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