Nursing Elites

1. What is the difference between the amounts that were budgeted for specific revenue or cost and the actual revenue or cost that resulted during the course of activities?

• A. Budget
• B. Variable
• C. Variance
• D. Premiums

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Variance. Variance represents the distinction between the planned budgeted amount for a particular revenue or cost and the actual amount that occurred during the activities. In financial management, variance analysis is crucial for assessing performance and identifying areas that deviate from the budgeted expectations. Choice A, 'Budget,' is incorrect as it refers to the planned amount rather than the difference between planned and actual amounts. Choice B, 'Variable,' does not specifically address the comparison between budgeted and actual figures. Choice D, 'Premiums,' is unrelated to the concept of comparing budgeted and actual values in the context of financial analysis.

2. Which of the following is one of the positive benefits of conflict within an organization?

• A. Conflict leads to compromise on values and beliefs.
• B. Conflict leads to intergroup competition.
• C. Conflict helps people recognize differences and motivates people towards improved performance.
• D. Conflict always leads to a win-win resolution.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Conflict within an organization can help people recognize legitimate differences and motivate them towards improved performance. This recognition of differences can lead to constructive discussions and solutions. Choice A is incorrect because conflict does not necessarily always lead to compromising values and beliefs. Choice B is incorrect as conflict should not be about fostering intergroup competition but rather about addressing and resolving issues. Choice D is incorrect as conflicts do not always result in a win-win resolution; sometimes, compromises or trade-offs are necessary for resolution.

3. Which of the following statements is true regarding nursing ethics?

• A. Nursing ethics focus on the organizational level at the workplace.
• B. Nursing ethics focus on the duties and rules of behavior for professional nurses.
• C. Nursing ethics focus on the moral character of nurses.
• D. Nursing ethics focus on the experiences and needs of nurses.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nursing ethics not only focus on the experiences and needs of nurses, but also on the nurses� perceptions of these experiences.

4. When trying to facilitate change in the staff, it is necessary to build trust and recognize the need for change. This type of action is known as which of the following, according to Lewin's Force-Field Model?

• A. Moving the system to a new level
• B. Unfreezing the system
• C. Refreezing the system
• D. Institutionalization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Unfreezing the system.' In Lewin's Force-Field Model, unfreezing is the stage where the existing equilibrium is disrupted to motivate participants and prepare them for change. Building trust and recognizing the need for change are essential components of this stage. Choice A, 'Moving the system to a new level,' does not specifically address the initial stage of disruption. Choice C, 'Refreezing the system,' comes after change has been implemented, not before. Choice D, 'Institutionalization,' refers to the stage where the change becomes the new norm, which is different from unfreezing.

5. A client requires a 24-hr urine collection. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. ''I had a bowel movement, but I was able to save the urine.''
• B. ''I have a specimen in the bathroom from about 30 minutes ago.''
• C. ''I drink a lot, so I will fill up the bottle and complete the test quickly.''
• D. ''I flushed what I urinated at 7:00 a.m. and have saved all urine since.''

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Option C demonstrates an understanding of the need to collect urine over 24 hours. The client's statement shows awareness that increased fluid intake will help in filling up the collection bottle quickly, which is essential for an accurate test result. This choice reflects the correct understanding of the teaching. Options A, B, and D do not reflect the necessary comprehension for a 24-hr urine collection process. Option A involves a bowel movement, which is not relevant to a urine collection. Option B only mentions a specimen from 30 minutes ago, not over a 24-hour period. Option D indicates flushing urine, which contradicts the idea of saving all urine for the test.

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