Nursing Elites

1. Nonnormative influences are irregular and do not follow a predictable timetable.

• A. Nonnormative
• B. History-graded
• C. Age-graded
• D. Bio-historical

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nonnormative. Nonnormative influences are events or experiences that are irregular and unique to the individual, so they do not follow a predictable timetable. These influences can include major life events like winning the lottery or experiencing a natural disaster, and they have a significant impact on a person's development. Choice B, History-graded influences, are events that are common to people of a particular generation due to historical circumstances. Choice C, Age-graded influences, are events that are typical for people of a certain age group. Choice D, Bio-historical, is not a recognized term in developmental psychology.

2. According to the lifespan perspective, _______ is supreme in its impact on the life course.

• A. the prenatal period
• B. early childhood
• C. adolescence
• D. no age period

Correct answer: D

Rationale: According to the lifespan perspective, no single period is considered supreme in its impact on the life course. Each stage of life, from prenatal period through adulthood, plays a significant role in shaping an individual's development. Therefore, the correct answer is 'D: no age period.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the lifespan perspective emphasizes that all stages are important and contribute uniquely to an individual's life course.

3. Lanugo ________.

• A. permits food and oxygen to reach the organism
• B. provides the fetus a cushion against jolts caused by the mother's movements
• C. helps regulate the fetus's body temperature
• D. helps the vernix stick to the skin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Lanugo helps the vernix stick to the skin. Vernix is a waxy substance that covers the fetus's skin during pregnancy. Lanugo is a fine, downy hair that helps to anchor the vernix to the skin, providing protection and nourishment to the developing fetus. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the role of lanugo in prenatal development.

4. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon __________.

• A. wrote the first book of its time on aging
• B. were among the first to make child development knowledge meaningful to parents
• C. regarded development as a maturational process
• D. constructed the first successful intelligence test Answer: D Page Ref: 14 Skill Level: Remember Topic: Scientific Beginnings Difficulty Level: Moderate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon constructed the first successful intelligence test, known as the Binet-Simon scale, in an effort to measure a child's intelligence level. This test was groundbreaking at the time and laid the foundation for the development of future intelligence tests.

5. To avoid exposure to toxoplasmosis, Kaye should ask other family members to __________.

• A. stop smoking
• B. pick up after the dog
• C. change the litter box
• D. feed the fish

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To avoid exposure to toxoplasmosis, Kaye should ask other family members to change the litter box. Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that can be transmitted through cat feces, so it is important for pregnant women to avoid handling cat litter to reduce the risk of infection. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are not directly related to preventing toxoplasmosis. Smoking cessation is important for overall health but not specifically to prevent toxoplasmosis. Picking up after the dog and feeding the fish are not relevant to preventing toxoplasmosis, as the infection is primarily associated with cat feces.

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