ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Quizlet
1. A healthcare provider is reviewing a client's health record and notes that the client is experiencing episodes of hypokalemia. Which of the following medications should the healthcare provider identify as a cause of the client's hypokalemia?
- A. Captopril
- B. Lisinopril
- C. Furosemide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the kidneys to increase urine production. This increased urine output can lead to the excessive excretion of potassium, resulting in hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels and considering supplementation may be necessary when a patient is on furosemide to prevent or manage hypokalemia.
2. A client with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an adverse effect of digoxin?
- A. Constipation
- B. Blurred vision
- C. Nausea
- D. Headache
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Blurred vision is a common adverse effect of digoxin and can indicate toxicity. Monitoring for visual changes is essential to prevent serious complications in clients taking digoxin.
3. What is the best method to assess for fluid overload in patients with heart failure?
- A. Monitor daily weight
- B. Check for jugular vein distention
- C. Check for pitting edema
- D. Check for fluid retention
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor daily weight. Daily weight monitoring is the most accurate method to assess fluid overload in patients with heart failure. Changes in weight can indicate fluid retention before visible signs like jugular vein distention or pitting edema appear. Checking for jugular vein distention (choice B) is helpful but may not be as sensitive as daily weight monitoring. Pitting edema (choice C) and fluid retention (choice D) are signs of fluid overload, but daily weight monitoring is a more proactive approach to detect changes early.
4. Which of the following statements are correct?
- A. Lipids are transported in the blood as lipoproteins, which are clusters of lipids associated with proteins.
- B. In type II diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, but cells are resistant to this signal.
- C. The glycemic index classifies foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels.
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Option A is correct because lipoproteins indeed transport lipids in the blood. They are complexes of lipids and proteins that transport water-insoluble lipids through the blood. Option B is correct as it accurately describes the condition of type II diabetes where the pancreas can produce insulin, but the cells are resistant to its signal, causing an ineffective regulation of blood sugar. Option C is also correct because the glycemic index is indeed a classification system for foods based on their potential to raise blood glucose levels. High glycemic index foods raise blood glucose levels faster than low glycemic index foods. Hence, all the statements are correct, making option D the correct answer.
5. During the second month of pregnancy, __________.
- A. the umbilical cord first appears as a primitive body stalk
- B. touch sensitivity extends to most of the body
- C. the heart develops separate chambers
- D. the heartbeat can be heard through a stethoscope
Correct answer: C
Rationale: During the second month of pregnancy, the heart of the developing fetus begins to develop separate chambers, forming the structure necessary for a fully functioning heart. This is a significant milestone in the prenatal development process. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the appearance of the umbilical cord as a primitive body stalk typically occurs around week 5-6, touch sensitivity extending to most of the body is more characteristic of the end of the second trimester, and the heartbeat is usually detectable through a stethoscope around the 18th to 20th week of pregnancy, not during the second month.
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