ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam
1. A client is admitted for a surgical procedure. Which of the following preexisting conditions can be a contraindication for the use of Ketamine as an intravenous anesthetic?
- A. Peptic ulcer disease
- B. Breast cancer
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Schizophrenia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Ketamine is known to produce psychological effects, such as hallucinations. Therefore, individuals with schizophrenia are at increased risk of experiencing exacerbation of their symptoms if given Ketamine, making it a contraindication for its use as an intravenous anesthetic. Peptic ulcer disease, breast cancer, and diabetes mellitus are not contraindications for Ketamine use as an intravenous anesthetic.
2. In a client with diarrhea, which outcome indicates that fluid resuscitation is successful?
- A. The client passes formed stools at regular intervals
- B. The client reports a decrease in stool frequency and liquidity
- C. The client exhibits firm skin turgor
- D. The client no longer experiences perianal burning
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Firm skin turgor indicates adequate hydration, which is a key goal of fluid resuscitation. Formed stools, decreased stool frequency, and relief from perianal burning are important but do not directly indicate successful fluid resuscitation.
3. A new mom is instructed to have her toddler brush his teeth every night after dinner. This is an example of __________ which increases the toddler’s sense of security and self-mastery.
- A. Negativism
- B. Diversionary activity
- C. Critical play
- D. Ritualism
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Ritualism. Establishing routines like brushing teeth every night after dinner helps toddlers feel secure and in control. Choice A, Negativism, refers to a child's oppositional behavior. Choice B, Diversionary activity, involves redirecting attention to something else. Choice C, Critical play, does not relate to the scenario of establishing a routine for the toddler.
4. While caring for a client in a clinic, a healthcare professional learns that the client woke up not recognizing their partner, surroundings, has chills, and chest pain worsening upon inspiration. What should be the healthcare professional's priority action?
- A. Obtain baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation.
- B. Obtain a sputum culture.
- C. Obtain a complete history from the client.
- D. Provide a pneumococcal vaccine.
Correct answer: Obtain baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation.
Rationale: The priority action for the healthcare professional is to obtain the client's baseline vital signs and oxygen saturation. This will provide essential information on the client's current physiological status and help guide further assessment and intervention. Assessing the vital signs and oxygen saturation can help identify any immediate concerns like hypoxia or sepsis, which require prompt attention. While obtaining a complete history and considering a pneumococcal vaccine may be important in the overall care of the client, assessing the vital signs and oxygen saturation takes precedence to address the client's immediate physiological needs.
5. In field experiments, researchers __________.
- A. selectively assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings
- B. cannot use random assignment or manipulate treatment conditions
- C. randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings
- D. have stronger control over the treatment than in the laboratory
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In field experiments, researchers randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings. This method allows for a higher level of control over potential confounding variables compared to non-random assignment. Random assignment helps ensure that the groups being compared are comparable at the beginning of the study, which strengthens the internal validity of the research findings. Choice A is incorrect because selective assignment may introduce bias. Choice B is incorrect as researchers can use random assignment in field experiments. Choice D is incorrect because field experiments typically have less control over the treatment compared to laboratory experiments.
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