Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client following a cataract extraction. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Bend at the waist when picking up objects.
• B. Avoid lying on the operative side.
• C. Avoid lifting more than 10 lb.
• D. Apply ice to the affected eye.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Avoid lifting more than 10 lb.' After a cataract extraction, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid lifting heavy objects to prevent increased intraocular pressure, which could lead to complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. A - 'Bend at the waist when picking up objects' can increase intraocular pressure; B - 'Avoid lying on the operative side' is not a specific concern related to cataract extraction; D - 'Apply ice to the affected eye' is not a standard post-cataract extraction instruction.

2. What is the priority when assessing a patient for possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

• A. Dorsiflex the foot and check for pain.
• B. Measure the calf circumference of both legs.
• C. Check the skin for signs of redness.
• D. Perform a Doppler ultrasound scan.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to measure the calf circumference of both legs when assessing a patient for possible DVT. An increase in calf circumference in one leg can indicate the presence of a DVT. Option A is incorrect because dorsiflexing the foot and checking for pain are not primary assessments for DVT. Option C is incorrect as redness of the skin may not always be present in cases of DVT. Option D is incorrect as performing a Doppler ultrasound scan is usually done after clinical assessment and to confirm the diagnosis, not as the initial priority assessment.

3. What should be done to manage a patient with contact precautions?

• A. Wear a mask, gown, and gloves for all patient interactions.
• B. Ensure that visitors wear protective equipment.
• C. Dedicate all patient care equipment to that patient.
• D. Disinfect shared equipment before use.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When managing a patient with contact precautions, it is essential to dedicate all patient care equipment to that specific patient. This practice helps minimize the risk of spreading infections to other patients. Choice A, wearing protective gear for all patient interactions, is a general precaution but not specific to managing a patient with contact precautions. Choice B, ensuring visitors wear protective equipment, is important for infection control but not directly related to managing the patient with contact precautions. Choice D, disinfecting shared equipment before use, is a good practice for infection control in general but does not address the specific needs of a patient under contact precautions.

4. A patient is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension. What is the most important assessment the nurse should perform?

• A. Monitor the patient's respiratory rate.
• B. Check the patient's blood pressure regularly.
• C. Monitor the patient's potassium levels.
• D. Monitor the patient's sodium levels.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: When a patient is prescribed a diuretic for hypertension, monitoring the patient's sodium levels is crucial. Diuretics can lead to alterations in sodium levels, potentially causing complications like hyponatremia. While monitoring other parameters like respiratory rate, blood pressure, and potassium levels may also be important, the primary concern with diuretic therapy is the risk of sodium imbalance, making the monitoring of sodium levels the most critical assessment.

5. How should a healthcare provider manage a patient with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

• A. Monitoring for signs of pulmonary embolism
• B. Applying compression stockings
• C. Administering anticoagulants as prescribed
• D. Encouraging leg elevation to reduce swelling

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Monitoring for signs of pulmonary embolism is crucial in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) as it can be a life-threatening complication. While administering anticoagulants as prescribed is important for preventing clot progression, the immediate concern is detecting potential pulmonary embolism. Applying compression stockings and encouraging leg elevation are beneficial measures for managing DVT symptoms but are not as critical as monitoring for pulmonary embolism.

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