Nursing Elites

1. You have to teach ostomy self care to a patient with a colostomy. You tell the patient to measure and cut the wafer:

• A. To the exact size of the stoma.
• B. About 1/16” larger than the stoma.
• C. About 1/8” larger than the stoma.
• D. About 1/4″ larger than the stoma.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The wafer should be measured and cut about 1/8” larger than the stoma to ensure proper fit and prevent skin irritation.

2. A nurse is providing instructions to a client who will collect a stool specimen for occult blood. The nurse instructs the client to avoid which of the following for 3 days before the collection of the stool specimen?

• A. Milk products
• B. Hard cheese
• C. Turnips
• D. Cottage cheese

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Turnips. The nurse would instruct the client to avoid red meat, poultry, fish, turnips, horseradish, and foods such as fruits and vegetables for 3 days before and during testing. These products may alter test results. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are not specifically mentioned as items to avoid before collecting a stool specimen for occult blood.

3. Sitty, a 66 y.o. patient underwent a colostomy for ruptured diverticulum. She did well during the surgery and returned to your med-surg floor in stable condition. You assess her colostomy 2 days after surgery. Which finding do you report to the doctor?

• A. Blanched stoma
• B. Edematous stoma
• C. Reddish-pink stoma
• D. Brownish-black stoma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A blanched stoma 2 days after colostomy surgery should be reported to the doctor as it may indicate compromised blood flow.

4. Which of the following definitions best describes gastritis?

• A. Erosion of the gastric mucosa
• B. Inflammation of a diverticulum
• C. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa
• D. Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Inflammation of the gastric mucosa.' Gastritis is characterized by inflammation of the stomach lining, specifically the gastric mucosa. This inflammation can be caused by various factors such as infections, medications, alcohol, or autoimmune diseases. Choice A, 'Erosion of the gastric mucosa,' is incorrect because erosion refers to the wearing away of tissue rather than inflammation. Choice B, 'Inflammation of a diverticulum,' is incorrect because gastritis specifically involves inflammation of the stomach lining, not a diverticulum. Choice D, 'Reflux of stomach acid into the esophagus,' describes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is different from gastritis.

5. Which of the following symptoms may be exhibited by a client with Crohn’s disease?

• A. Bloody diarrhea
• B. Narrow stools
• C. N/V
• D. Steatorrhea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Clients with Crohn's disease may exhibit symptoms such as steatorrhea, which is the presence of excess fat in the stool.

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