ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System Test
1. You are developing a careplan on Sally, a 67 y.o. patient with hepatic encephalopathy. Which of the following do you include?
- A. Administering a lactulose enema as ordered.
- B. Encouraging a protein-rich diet.
- C. Administering sedatives, as necessary.
- D. Encouraging ambulation at least four times a day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering a lactulose enema as ordered helps reduce ammonia levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
2. Hepatic encephalopathy develops when the blood level of which substance increases?
- A. Ammonia
- B. Amylase
- C. Calcium
- D. Potassium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hepatic encephalopathy develops when the blood level of ammonia increases.
3. Which of the following mechanisms can facilitate the development of diverticulosis into diverticulitis?
- A. Treating constipation with chronic laxative use, leading to dependence on laxatives
- B. Chronic constipation causing an obstruction, reducing forward flow of intestinal contents
- C. Herniation of the intestinal mucosa, rupturing the wall of the intestine
- D. Undigested food blocking the diverticulum, predisposing the area to bacterial invasion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Undigested food blocking the diverticulum can lead to bacterial invasion, causing inflammation and turning diverticulosis into diverticulitis. Choices A, B, and C do not directly facilitate the development of diverticulitis. Choice A involves a different mechanism related to laxative use, choice B describes a complication of chronic constipation but does not necessarily lead to diverticulitis, and choice C refers to a different condition involving herniation of the intestinal mucosa.
4. You’re preparing a teaching plan for a 27 y.o. named Jeff who underwent surgery to close a temporary ileostomy. Which nutritional guideline do you include in this plan?
- A. There is no need to change eating habits.
- B. Eat six small meals a day.
- C. Eat the largest meal in the evening.
- D. Restrict fluid intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: After ileostomy closure surgery, it is recommended to eat six small meals a day to aid digestion and absorption.
5. A client’s ulcerative colitis symptoms have been present for longer than 1 week. The nurse recognizes that the client should be assessed carefully for signs of which of the following complications?
- A. Heart failure
- B. DVT
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The client should be assessed carefully for signs of hypokalemia, a common complication of prolonged ulcerative colitis symptoms.
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