Nursing Elites

1. Which term best describes the sharing of common characteristics that differentiate one group from other groups in a society?

• A. Race
• B. Culture
• C. Ethnicity
• D. Superiority

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ethnicity refers to the shared characteristics such as nationality, culture, language, and beliefs that differentiate one group from another.

2. A thorough systemic physical assessment is necessary in the extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infant to detect what?

• A. Weight gain reflective of fluid retention
• B. Difficulties in maternal-child attachment
• C. Subtle changes that may be indicative of an underlying problem
• D. Changes in Apgar score over the first 24 hours of life

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants, a thorough systemic physical assessment is crucial to detect subtle changes that may indicate an underlying problem. These infants are highly vulnerable and may show signs of stress through changes in feeding behavior, activity, color, oxygen saturation, or vital signs. Monitoring weight in ELBW infants primarily reflects genitourinary function rather than fluid retention. Difficulties in maternal-child attachment are important but are usually assessed during parental visits and are not the primary focus of a systemic physical assessment. Changes in the Apgar score are used immediately after birth to assess the transition to extrauterine life and are not as relevant in the following 24 hours to detect ongoing subtle issues.

3. The LPN is assessing for fontanels on the head of a 6-month-old. Which fontanel is expected to still be present?

• A. Posterior
• B. Anterior
• C. Sphenoid
• D. Lambdoid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anterior. The anterior fontanel usually remains open until about 12-18 months of age, while the posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the posterior fontanel closes by 2-3 months of age, and the sphenoid and lambdoid fontanels are not typically assessed in routine infant head examinations.

4. The Asian parent of a child being seen in the clinic avoids eye contact with the nurse. What is the best explanation for this considering cultural differences?

• A. The parent feels inferior to the nurse
• B. The parent is showing respect for the nurse
• C. The parent is embarrassed to seek health care
• D. The parent feels responsible for her child's illness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In many Asian cultures, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect, especially towards authority figures such as healthcare providers.

5. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensure atraumatic care?

• A. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool-aged
• B. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures
• C. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral medications
• D. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there is not time for it to be effective

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Allowing the child to make choices, such as selecting the type of juice, helps to maintain a sense of control and reduce anxiety, ensuring atraumatic care.

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