Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following may indicate hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?

• A. weight loss
• B. Bradycardia
• C. cold intolerance
• D. lethargy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an excess secretion of thyroid hormone. This increased metabolic rate can lead to weight loss despite normal or increased appetite. Bradycardia (slow heart rate), cold intolerance, and lethargy are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where there is an insufficient production of thyroid hormone. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

2. Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body and heat and pressure __________.

• A. decrease steadily
• B. remain within certain limited ranges
• C. increase when the body is stressed
• D. fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. To achieve this balance, concentrations of essential substances must remain within specific ranges. Choice A is incorrect because decreasing concentrations would not maintain stability. Choice C is incorrect as increasing concentrations when the body is stressed would disrupt homeostasis. Choice D is incorrect as fluctuating greatly between high and low values would also not support the body's stability. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it aligns with the concept of homeostasis by emphasizing the need for stability within certain limits.

3. Blood cells are produced in the organs of the _______ system.

• A. endocrine
• B. skeletal
• C. superior to
• D. inferior to

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Blood cells are produced in the organs of the hematopoietic system. The correct answer is 'superior to' as this refers to the location of the organs responsible for blood cell production, typically bone marrow found in bones such as the vertebrae, ribs, and skull. 'Endocrine' (Choice A) refers to a different system responsible for hormone production. 'Skeletal' (Choice B) relates to bones but not specifically to the production of blood cells. Choices C and D, 'superior to' and 'inferior to,' do not make sense in the context of blood cell production and are incorrect.

4. Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?

• A. The heart
• B. The trachea
• C. The thymus
• D. The liver

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the liver. The liver is located in the abdominopelvic cavity, which is the space between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor. The heart, trachea, and thymus are not located in the abdominopelvic cavity. The heart is situated in the thoracic cavity, the trachea is in the neck region, and the thymus is located in the upper chest. Understanding the anatomical locations of organs is crucial for medical professionals to accurately diagnose and treat patients.

5. What is the term for the upper midportion of the abdomen?

• A. hypochondriac
• B. iliac
• C. hypogastric
• D. epigastric

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is "epigastric." The epigastric region is located in the upper midportion of the abdomen, between the hypochondriac regions on either side. Choice A, "hypochondriac," refers to the upper lateral regions of the abdomen beneath the ribs. Choice B, "iliac," pertains to the lower lateral regions of the abdomen. Choice C, "hypogastric," is the lower central region of the abdomen.

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