Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is used as an indirect estimate of voluntary absenteeism?

• A. Involuntary absenteeism
• B. Voluntary absenteeism
• C. Total time lost
• D. Absence frequency

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Absence frequency.' Absence frequency is the total number of distinct absence periods, regardless of duration. It is used as an indirect estimate of voluntary absenteeism because it provides insights into the frequency of absences. Voluntary absenteeism refers to absences that are under the employee's control, while involuntary absenteeism is not under their control. Total time lost, on the other hand, represents the number of scheduled days that employees miss, which is different from absence frequency.

2. When addressing a policy violation, what is one of the initial steps to take?

• A. Terminate the employee.
• B. Confront the employee.
• C. Discipline the employee immediately.
• D. Determine whether the employee is aware of the policy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When addressing a policy violation, one of the initial steps should be to determine whether the employee is aware of the policy. This step allows for clarification, feedback, and potential training if needed. Terminating the employee (Choice A) or disciplining immediately (Choice C) without assessing awareness can lead to unfair treatment and legal issues. Confronting the employee (Choice B) may be necessary but should come after establishing awareness and providing necessary support or education.

3. How are values learned?

• A. Reading books
• B. Formal degrees
• C. Continuous reinforcement
• D. Meeting diverse individuals

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Values are learned through continuous reinforcement, where behaviors or beliefs are strengthened by consequences or rewards. Reading books (choice A) may expose individuals to different perspectives and values, but the active learning and internalization of values typically occur through reinforcement. Formal degrees (choice B) may provide education and knowledge, but values are more likely to be ingrained through continuous reinforcement. Meeting diverse individuals (choice D) can also influence values, but the consistent reinforcement of desired behaviors is a more direct method for learning values.

4. The nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient who is self-monitoring blood glucose

• A. washes the puncture site using warm water and soap
• B. chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad
• C. hangs the arm down for a minute before puncturing the site
• D. says the result of 120 mg indicates good blood sugar control

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because choosing a puncture site in the center of the finger pad is not recommended for blood glucose monitoring. The recommended sites are the sides of the fingertips. Option A is correct as washing the puncture site using warm water and soap is a good practice. Option C is also correct as hanging the arm down for a minute can help increase blood flow. Option D is incorrect as a blood sugar level of 120 mg/dL may not necessarily indicate good blood sugar control and needs further interpretation.

5. Healthcare systems primarily have functional structures. Which of the following would be an example of this?

• A. Open communication exists between Physical Therapy and Nursing.
• B. Medicine has authority over nursing.
• C. Laboratory services have little authority.
• D. All nursing tasks fall under nursing service.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. In functional structures, employees are grouped in departments by specialty, with similar tasks being performed by the same group. This means that in a healthcare system with a functional structure, all nursing tasks would fall under the nursing service. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because open communication between departments, one department having authority over another, or the level of authority of a particular department do not necessarily represent a functional structure.

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