Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a primary prevention strategy in public health?

• A. Screening for diabetes
• B. Vaccination programs
• C. Emergency response planning
• D. Chronic disease management

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Vaccination programs are considered a primary prevention strategy in public health because they aim to prevent the occurrence of diseases before they occur. Screening for diabetes (choice A) is more of a secondary prevention strategy that aims to detect and treat the disease early. Emergency response planning (choice C) is more focused on preparedness and response rather than preventing the initial occurrence of health issues. Chronic disease management (choice D) involves treating and controlling diseases that have already developed, making it a tertiary prevention strategy rather than primary.

2. How will working in a high-volume, noisy emergency room in an urban area with a high incidence of assault victims affect staff?

• A. Feelings of extreme overload.
• B. Fear of failure.
• C. A pessimistic sense about the world.
• D. Inability to separate intense work situations from personal situations.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Working in a high-volume, noisy emergency room in an urban area with a high incidence of assault victims can lead to feelings of extreme overload, a pessimistic sense about the world, and an inability to separate intense work situations from personal situations. Fear of failure is not specifically mentioned in the context of the question, so it is the correct answer. The constant noises and intense emotional situations can create tension, stress, and negative reactions among staff. Managers can help by assessing the environment, labeling situations, and debriefing with staff to make them more aware of how stressors impact their behaviors.

3. What is the primary goal of a clinical nurse leader (CNL)?

• A. To manage the nursing staff
• B. To coordinate patient care
• C. To improve patient outcomes
• D. To implement evidence-based practices

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of a clinical nurse leader (CNL) is to improve patient outcomes by overseeing patient care delivery, coordinating with healthcare team members, and ensuring quality care. While managing nursing staff (choice A) and implementing evidence-based practices (choice D) are important aspects of a CNL's role, the ultimate focus is on enhancing patient outcomes. Coordinating patient care (choice B) is part of the CNL's responsibilities but not the primary goal.

4. Through which of the following methods are values learned?

• A. Reading books
• B. Formal degrees
• C. Continuous reinforcement
• D. Meeting diverse individuals

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Values are learned through continuous reinforcement, where behaviors are positively reinforced to instill values. Reading books (choice A) may expose individuals to different perspectives but doesn't necessarily lead to internalizing values. Formal degrees (choice B) provide education but may not directly teach values. Meeting diverse individuals (choice D) can broaden perspectives but doesn't guarantee learning specific values through reinforcement.

5. A diabetic patient who has reported burning foot pain at night receives a new prescription. Which information should the nurse teach the patient about amitriptyline (Elavil)?

• A. Amitriptyline decreases the depression caused by your foot pain.
• B. Amitriptyline helps prevent transmission of pain impulses to the brain.
• C. Amitriptyline corrects some of the blood vessel changes that cause pain.
• D. Amitriptyline improves sleep and reduces awareness of nighttime pain.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant that works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, which helps in reducing the transmission of pain impulses to the brain. Choice A is incorrect because amitriptyline primarily works on pain transmission rather than directly on depression. Choice C is inaccurate as amitriptyline's mechanism of action is not related to correcting blood vessel changes. Choice D is partially true as amitriptyline can improve sleep, but the primary mechanism related to pain relief is by preventing pain impulses from reaching the brain.

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