ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System
1. Which of the following conditions can cause a hiatal hernia?
- A. Increased intrathoracic pressure
- B. Weakness of the esophageal muscle
- C. Increased esophageal muscle pressure
- D. Weakness of the diaphragmic muscle
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Weakness of the diaphragmic muscle can lead to a hiatal hernia as it allows part of the stomach to push through the diaphragm into the chest cavity.
2. Regina is a 46 y.o. woman with ulcerative colitis. You expect her stools to look like:
- A. Watery and frothy.
- B. Bloody and mucoid.
- C. Firm and well-formed.
- D. Alternating constipation and diarrhea.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Stools in ulcerative colitis are typically bloody and mucoid.
3. Radiation therapy is used to treat colon cancer before surgery for which of the following reasons?
- A. Reducing the size of the tumor
- B. Eliminating the malignant cells
- C. Curing the cancer
- D. Helping the bowel heal after surgery
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Radiation therapy is used before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor, making it easier to remove.
4. Donald is a 61 y.o. man with diverticulitis. Diverticulitis is characterized by:
- A. Periodic rectal hemorrhage.
- B. Hypertension and tachycardia.
- C. Vomiting and elevated temperature.
- D. Crampy and lower left quadrant pain and low-grade fever.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Diverticulitis is characterized by crampy lower left quadrant pain and a low-grade fever.
5. You’re preparing a teaching plan for a 27 y.o. named Jeff who underwent surgery to close a temporary ileostomy. Which nutritional guideline do you include in this plan?
- A. There is no need to change eating habits.
- B. Eat six small meals a day.
- C. Eat the largest meal in the evening.
- D. Restrict fluid intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: After ileostomy closure surgery, it is recommended to eat six small meals a day to aid digestion and absorption.
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