ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. When planning care for a child with a urinary tract infection, the nurse should give priority to which treatment measure?
- A. Provide adequate nutrition to prevent dehydration.
- B. Administer ordered antibiotics on schedule.
- C. Prevent enuresis.
- D. Restrict fluid.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering antibiotics on schedule is crucial in treating a UTI effectively and preventing complications. Antibiotics help to eliminate the infection-causing bacteria from the urinary tract. While maintaining adequate nutrition and hydration are important aspects of care, the priority in a UTI is to target the infection with antibiotics. Preventing enuresis (bedwetting) is not directly related to the treatment of the infection. Fluid restriction is not recommended in the management of a UTI; in fact, encouraging adequate fluid intake helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.
2. What is the earliest age at which a satisfactory radial pulse can be taken in children?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 3 years
- D. 6 years
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A satisfactory radial pulse can typically be taken starting at around 3 years of age, as younger children often have pulses that are too fast and irregular for accurate measurement.
3. During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. The nurse should recognize that this is which?
- A. A normal finding
- B. A sign of a possible visual defect and a need for vision screening
- C. An abnormal finding requiring referral to an ophthalmologist
- D. A sign of small hemorrhages, which usually resolve spontaneously
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes is a normal finding, indicating that the retina is healthy and there are no significant obstructions in the visual pathway.
4. A 10-month-old infant is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux. An esophageal (pH) probe monitor is ordered. What explanation for the purpose of the esophageal probe should the nurse provide to the parents?
- A. Assist in the passage of formula through the esophagus
- B. Identify the number of reflux episodes that are occurring
- C. Determine the time it takes for the stomach to empty its contents
- D. Monitor the pH within the stomach
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The esophageal pH probe is used to identify the frequency and severity of reflux episodes by measuring the pH in the esophagus. Choice A is incorrect because the probe does not assist in the passage of formula through the esophagus. Choice C is incorrect as determining the time it takes for the stomach to empty its contents would require a different procedure. Choice D is incorrect as the esophageal pH probe monitors the pH in the esophagus, not the stomach.
5. Which physiological acid-base balance complication would be most important for the nurse to assess in a patient with diarrhea?
- A. High serum pH
- B. Normal serum pH
- C. Metabolic alkalosis
- D. Metabolic acidosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is metabolic acidosis. Diarrhea can lead to the loss of bicarbonate, causing an imbalance in the acid-base status of the body, specifically resulting in metabolic acidosis. High serum pH (choice A) is incorrect as diarrhea-induced bicarbonate loss would lower pH, not increase it. Normal serum pH (choice B) is not the best answer as diarrhea can disrupt the acid-base balance. Metabolic alkalosis (choice C) is an alkaline state, which is less likely to be caused by diarrhea.
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