Nursing Elites

1. What is the main focus of a risk management program in healthcare?

• A. To reduce hospital readmissions
• B. To manage financial resources
• C. To ensure compliance with healthcare regulations
• D. To improve clinical outcomes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The main focus of a risk management program in healthcare is to improve clinical outcomes. By identifying and mitigating risks, healthcare organizations aim to enhance patient safety, quality of care, and overall health outcomes. Option A is incorrect because reducing hospital readmissions is a specific goal within healthcare but not the primary focus of risk management. Option B is incorrect as managing financial resources, while important, is more aligned with financial management rather than risk management. Option C is incorrect as ensuring compliance with healthcare regulations is vital but falls under compliance management rather than the primary focus of risk management, which is to improve clinical outcomes.

2. A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to

• A. check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming.
• B. delay eating the noon meal until after swimming.
• C. increase the morning dose of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin.
• D. time the morning insulin injection so that the peak occurs while swimming.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to teach the patient to check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming. This is important to monitor blood sugar levels and make adjustments as needed to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Delaying eating the noon meal until after swimming (Choice B) is not advisable as the patient needs proper nutrition both before and after exercise. Increasing the morning dose of NPH insulin (Choice C) should not be done without proper medical advice as it can lead to hypoglycemia. Timing the morning insulin injection to coincide with swimming (Choice D) is risky as the peak effect of insulin may lead to hypoglycemia during swimming.

3. Which of the following best describes the concept of shared decision-making in healthcare?

• A. The process by which patients make healthcare decisions on their own
• B. A collaborative process that allows patients and providers to make healthcare decisions together
• C. A method for providers to dictate treatment plans to patients
• D. The use of evidence-based guidelines to make healthcare decisions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Shared decision-making in healthcare involves a collaborative process between patients and providers to make healthcare decisions together. This approach considers the patient's preferences, values, and the best available evidence to reach a decision that aligns with the patient's goals. Choice A is incorrect because shared decision-making does not involve patients making decisions on their own. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a paternalistic approach where providers dictate treatment plans to patients without involving them in the decision-making process. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the use of evidence-based guidelines, which is important but not the sole focus of shared decision-making.

4. What is the primary responsibility of a clinical nurse leader (CNL)?

• A. Supervise nursing staff
• B. Coordinate patient care
• C. Develop nursing policies
• D. Implement evidence-based practice

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main role of a clinical nurse leader (CNL) is to coordinate patient care. While CNLs may oversee aspects of nursing staff, the primary focus is on coordinating patient care to ensure effective treatment and outcomes. Developing nursing policies and implementing evidence-based practice are important aspects of nursing leadership but are not the main role of a CNL.

5. Which of the following is a challenge the profession of nursing faced?

• A. Nursing contributing to the stigma of AIDS in the 1980s out of fear.
• B. Nursing practice flourishing in field hospitals during the Korean War with abundant supplies and equipment.
• C. Many nurses feeling frustrated with the lack of independent functioning after the Vietnam War.
• D. A decline in the number of hospice nurses due to ethical dilemmas.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. After the Vietnam War, many nurses felt frustrated with the lack of independent functioning when they returned home. This challenge was faced by the profession of nursing as nurses who functioned independently in mobile hospital units during the war found themselves restricted in their practice upon returning. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific challenge of lack of independent functioning faced by nurses after the Vietnam War.

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