ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A
1. What is an advantage of the ventrogluteal muscle as an injection site in young children?
- A. Easily accessible from many directions
- B. Free of significant nerves and vascular structures
- C. Can be used until the child reaches a weight of 9 kg (20 lb)
- D. Increased subcutaneous fat, which provides sustained drug absorption
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The ventrogluteal site is free of significant nerves and vascular structures, making it a safer choice for intramuscular injections in young children compared to other sites that may be more prone to complications.
2. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate upon assessment for a preschool-age child with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
- A. Headache, hematuria, and vertigo
- B. Foul-smelling urine, elevated blood pressure (BP), and hematuria
- C. Urgency, dysuria, and fever
- D. Severe flank pain, nausea, and headache
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Preschool-age children with a urinary tract infection commonly present with urgency (feeling the need to urinate urgently), dysuria (painful urination), and fever. These symptoms are indicative of a UTI in this age group and should prompt further assessment and intervention by the nurse. Choice A is incorrect because headache and vertigo are not typical symptoms of UTI in preschool-age children. Choice B is incorrect because while foul-smelling urine and hematuria can be present in UTI, elevated blood pressure is not a common finding in this condition. Choice D is incorrect as severe flank pain and nausea are not typical manifestations of UTI in preschool-age children.
3. Which electrolyte imbalance is a potential side effect of diuretics?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Hypomagnesemia
- D. Hypokalemia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Hypokalemia. Diuretics commonly cause hypokalemia due to increased urinary excretion of potassium. Hyperkalemia (Choice A) is the opposite, characterized by high potassium levels and is not typically associated with diuretics. Hypercalcemia (Choice B) is an elevated calcium level, which is not a common side effect of diuretics. Hypomagnesemia (Choice C) is low magnesium levels, which can be a side effect of diuretics, but the most common electrolyte imbalance associated with diuretics is hypokalemia.
4. Which of the following is a rare genetic disorder that affects the lungs, liver, and skin, causing the buildup of a specific protein that damages organs?
- A. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- B. Cystic fibrosis
- C. Wegener's granulomatosis
- D. Marfan syndrome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. This disorder leads to the accumulation of a specific protein that can harm the lungs, liver, and skin. Choice B, Cystic fibrosis, is incorrect because it primarily affects the lungs and digestive system due to a defective gene. Choice C, Wegener's granulomatosis, is an autoimmune disease that involves inflammation of blood vessels, not protein buildup. Choice D, Marfan syndrome, is a connective tissue disorder impacting the heart, blood vessels, bones, and eyes, but not involving protein accumulation that damages organs.
5. Which action is an example of secondary prevention in public health?
- A. Administering vaccines to prevent disease
- B. Providing treatment for chronic diseases
- C. Screening for early signs of disease
- D. Offering health education workshops
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is screening for early signs of disease (Choice C). Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of diseases to prevent their progression. By screening for early signs of disease, individuals can receive timely interventions, leading to better health outcomes. Administering vaccines (Choice A) falls under primary prevention by preventing the occurrence of diseases. Providing treatment for chronic diseases (Choice B) is part of tertiary prevention, which focuses on managing and reducing complications of established diseases. Offering health education workshops (Choice D) can be part of primary prevention by promoting healthy behaviors to prevent diseases.
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