ATI RN
ATI Proctored Nutrition Exam
1. Which two dietary components may help decrease blood cholesterol levels?
- A. Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber
- B. Short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber
- C. Trans fatty acids and potassium
- D. Cis fatty acids and calcium
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Omega-3 fatty acids are known to reduce triglycerides, while soluble fiber helps to lower LDL cholesterol levels. Both of these components are beneficial in managing blood cholesterol levels. Choice B, short-chain fatty acids and insoluble fiber, is incorrect as they do not have the same cholesterol-lowering effects as omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber. Choice C, trans fatty acids and potassium, is incorrect as trans fatty acids can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. Choice D, cis fatty acids and calcium, is incorrect as cis fatty acids are common in natural fats and do not specifically help in reducing blood cholesterol levels.
2. A nurse is providing teaching about food allergies to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following foods should the nurse identify as highest risk for allergies in toddlers?
- A. Eggs
- B. Milk
- C. Bananas
- D. Citrus fruits
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Eggs. Eggs are one of the most common food allergens in toddlers and should be introduced carefully. Milk (choice B) is also a common allergen but is typically introduced earlier in a child's diet. Bananas (choice C) and citrus fruits (choice D) are less likely to cause allergic reactions compared to eggs.
3. Inadequate intake of vitamin A occurs in lower socioeconomic groups due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits.
- A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
- B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
- C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
- D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. Inadequate intake of vitamin A in lower socioeconomic groups is due to a lack of resources to purchase and consume vegetables and fruits. This is supported by the fact that the average intake in the United States meets the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A intake, except in lower socioeconomic groups. These individuals often lack the financial means to buy, prepare, and eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, leading to deficiencies. It's important to note that because vitamin A can be stored in the liver, most adults have sufficient quantities to maintain health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the statement and reason are both accurate and logically connected, as the lack of resources directly impacts the ability to obtain necessary sources of vitamin A.
4. Are the following statements both true: 'Most excess energy intake, whether from protein, carbohydrate, alcohol, or fat, is stored in the liver' and 'Fat is a good source of energy, but the preferred fuel is protein'?
- A. Both statements are true
- B. Both statements are false
- C. The first statement is true, but the second is false
- D. The first statement is false, but the second is true
Correct answer: B: Both statements are false
Rationale: Both of the given statements are false. The first statement is inaccurate because the primary location for excess energy storage is not the liver, but rather adipose tissue where it is stored as fat. While the liver does have a role in energy storage and metabolism, it is not the main storage site for excess intake. The second statement is also incorrect. Although fat and protein can be used as sources of energy, the body's preferred source of energy is carbohydrates. They break down more efficiently and are easier for the body to use. The body prefers to conserve protein for other essential functions, such as tissue repair and the production of enzymes. Therefore, protein is not the preferred fuel source.
5. In a patient with osteoporosis, which mineral is essential to prevent further bone loss?
- A. Iron
- B. Phosphorus
- C. Magnesium
- D. Calcium
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Calcium is crucial in preventing bone loss in patients with osteoporosis.