Nursing Elites

1. To follow a healthy diet, a person should be sure that:

• A. 20-35% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
• B. 45-65% of the total carbs eaten should be made up of fiber
• C. 45-65% of the total fiber eaten should be made up of soluble fiber
• D. 45-65% of the total calories eaten should be made up of carbs

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) suggests that 45-65% of total daily calories should come from carbohydrates.

2. Which bond is formed by a positively charged metal ion and negatively charged nonmetal ion?

• A. Ionic bond
• B. Covalent bond
• C. Functional group
• D. Metallic bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is an ionic bond. An ionic bond is formed when a positively charged metal ion joins with a negatively charged nonmetal ion, resulting in a transfer of electrons. In contrast, a covalent bond involves sharing electrons between atoms rather than complete transfer. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that determine the molecule's chemical properties. Metallic bonds occur between metal atoms where electrons are shared across a delocalized electron cloud.

3. What nutrition-related side effect is most likely to occur after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment?

• A. Aspiration
• B. Acid reflux
• C. Dumping syndrome
• D. Diarrhea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most likely nutrition-related side effect after head and neck surgery for cancer treatment is aspiration. This is due to changes in swallowing mechanics, which can cause food or liquids to be inhaled into the lungs. While acid reflux, dumping syndrome, and diarrhea are potential side effects related to nutrition, they are not as directly connected to head and neck surgery. Acid reflux is more often related to issues with the lower esophageal sphincter, dumping syndrome is typically a complication of gastric surgery, and diarrhea can have various causes, including certain medications or gastrointestinal illnesses.

4. Monosaccharides are converted into glucose in the liver to provide an energy supply to the cells.

• A. Both statements are true
• B. Both statements are false
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. Monosaccharides are indeed converted into glucose in the liver. Glucose, in turn, serves as a primary energy source for cells in the body, providing the necessary fuel for various cellular functions. The liver plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by converting monosaccharides into glucose and releasing it into the bloodstream when needed. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because both statements are accurate in this context.

5. A healthcare provider is evaluating a client who reports paresthesia of the hands and feet. The provider should identify this manifestation as an indication of which of the following dietary deficiencies?

• A. Iron
• B. Riboflavin
• C. Vitamin C
• D. Vitamin B12

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Correct! Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to neurological symptoms, including paresthesia (tingling or numbness) of the hands and feet, due to its role in nerve health. Iron deficiency is more commonly associated with anemia symptoms like fatigue and pallor. Riboflavin deficiency can cause mouth and skin changes. Vitamin C deficiency is linked to scurvy symptoms like bleeding gums and easy bruising.

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