the physician tells the parents of a 2 year old that the child probably has rsv the parents ask how the diagnosis will be confirmed how should the nur

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. The physician tells the parents of a 2-year-old that the child probably has RSV. The parents ask how the diagnosis will be confirmed. How should the nurse respond?

A. We will swab your child's nose and send the secretions for testing.
B. There is no specific test for RSV. The diagnosis is based on symptoms.
C. We will send a viral culture to an outside lab for testing.
D. There is no specific test for RSV. The diagnosis is based on symptoms.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. RSV is typically diagnosed by swabbing the nose and testing the secretions. This method helps confirm the presence of the respiratory syncytial virus. Choice B is incorrect because while symptoms are important in diagnosis, specific tests like swabbing for RSV do exist. Choice C is incorrect as sending a viral culture to an outside lab is not the primary method for diagnosing RSV. Choice D is a duplicate of choice B and is incorrect for the same reasons.

2. Which is usually the only symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?

A. Itching
B. Vesicles
C. Scalp rash
D. Localized inflammatory response

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Itching is typically the primary and most common symptom of pediculosis capitis due to the lice bites on the scalp.

3. What dietary modification is recommended for a child with cystic fibrosis?

A. High carbohydrate
B. Low protein
C. High calorie
D. Low fat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A high-calorie diet is recommended for children with cystic fibrosis due to their increased energy needs and malabsorption issues. Cystic fibrosis affects the pancreas, leading to poor digestion and absorption of nutrients, particularly fats, which requires dietary adjustments to maintain adequate nutrition. High carbohydrate (Choice A) is not the primary focus; the emphasis is on overall calorie intake. Low protein (Choice B) is not recommended as protein intake is essential for growth and development. Low fat (Choice D) is not the best option as fat-soluble vitamin absorption is already compromised in cystic fibrosis, hence fat restriction is not a priority.

4. The nurse is teaching a parent of a 6-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) before discharge. What instructions should the nurse include?

A. Elevate the head of the bed in the crib to a 90-degree angle while the infant is sleeping.
B. Hold the infant in the prone position after a feeding.
C. Discontinue breastfeeding so that a formula and rice cereal mixture can be used.
D. Prescribed cimetidine (Tagamet) should be given 30 minutes before feedings.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cimetidine is an H2 blocker that reduces stomach acid, helping manage GER. Holding the infant in the prone position is not recommended due to the risk of SIDS. Breastfeeding should not be discontinued unless advised by a physician. Elevating the head to 90 degrees is excessive.

5. Which immunization is recommended for all newborns?

A. Hepatitis A vaccine
B. Hepatitis B vaccine
C. Hepatitis C vaccine
D. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine is recommended for all newborns to prevent Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial part of the routine immunization schedule for infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the recommended vaccine for newborns is specifically Hepatitis B, not Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, or a combination of Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines.