Nursing Elites

1. The parents of a school-age child ask the nurse if she thinks that their child has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which statement regarding the child’s behavior at school is most indicative of ADHD?

• A. He finishes his work on time in order to go to recess.
• B. He occasionally gets into trouble for talking.
• C. He enjoys math but does not like reading.
• D. He cannot sit still in his seat and constantly moves his legs.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The most indicative behavior of ADHD is the inability to sit still and constant movement, known as hyperactivity. This behavior is a hallmark symptom of ADHD, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C do not specifically reflect the characteristic hyperactivity associated with ADHD, making them less indicative of the disorder. While option B suggests impulsivity, it is not as specific to ADHD as the hyperactivity described in option D.

2. What is one focus of current health care?

• A. Increased provision of nursing services
• B. Disease prevention
• C. Symptom management
• D. Identification of disease processes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Disease prevention.' Modern healthcare places emphasis on preventing diseases to enhance overall health and well-being. While nursing services, symptom management, and disease identification are crucial components of healthcare, disease prevention plays a key role in reducing the burden of illness on individuals and communities.

3. The nurse is planning an educational session for a group of 9-year-olds and their parents aimed at decreasing injuries and accidents among this age group. Which topics should be included in the educational session to accomplish the goal?

• A. Safety rules when dealing with fire to prevent burns.
• B. Safety rules when dealing with toxic substances to prevent poisonings.
• C. Pedestrian, motor vehicle, and bike safety rules.
• D. Safety information regarding the use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs).

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For school-aged children, pedestrian, motor vehicle, and bike safety are critical areas to focus on as accidents involving these are common in this age group. Education about fire safety and toxic substances is also important, but the priority is on preventing accidents in everyday activities. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are not the most relevant for addressing the goal of decreasing injuries and accidents in this age group.

4. The nurse is caring for a child with acute renal failure. What laboratory findings should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Hyponatremia
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. All are applicable
• D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen level

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In acute renal failure, laboratory findings typically include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete waste and balance electrolytes. Metabolic alkalosis is less common, with metabolic acidosis being more typical.

5. What does the Hib conjugate vaccine protect against?

• A. Bacterial meningitis
• B. Epiglottitis
• C. Bacterial pneumonia
• D. All Correct

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Hib conjugate vaccine is crucial for protecting children from several severe infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, including bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, bacterial pneumonia, septic arthritis, and sepsis. Therefore, all the provided options are correct. Bacterial meningitis, epiglottitis, and bacterial pneumonia are serious conditions that the Hib vaccine effectively prevents, making choice D the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect when considered individually as the Hib vaccine does not protect against only one specific infection; rather, it provides immunity against multiple diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b.

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