ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Proctored Exam 2023
1. The nurse is teaching a patient with cancer about a new prescription for a fentanyl patch, 25mcg/hr. for chronic back pain. Which statement is the most appropriate to include in the teaching plan.
- A. You will need to change this patch every day, regardless of your pain level.
- B. This type of pain medication is not as likely to cause breathing problems.
- C. With the first patch, it will take about 24hrs before you feel the full effects.
- D. Use your heating pad for the back pain. It will also improve the patch�s effectiveness.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Full analgesic effects can take up to 24 hours to develop with fentanyl patches. Most patches are changed every 72 hours. Has the same adverse effects as other opioids, including respiratory depression. Should avoid exposing the patch to external heat sources, because this may increase toxicity.
2. A nurse is caring for an antepartum client who has iron-deficiency anemia. When teaching the client about nutrition, the nurse should emphasize the need for an increased intake of which of the following foods?
- A. Milk and cheese
- B. Red meat and organ meat
- C. Fresh fruits
- D. Whole grain breads
Correct answer: Red meat and organ meat
Rationale: The correct answer is red meat and organ meat. These foods are rich sources of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods. Red meat and organ meat can significantly help in increasing the iron levels in individuals with iron-deficiency anemia, especially in antepartum clients. Fresh fruits, while nutritious, do not provide high amounts of iron. Milk and cheese are not the best sources of iron for individuals with iron-deficiency anemia. Whole grain breads also do not contain as much bioavailable iron as red meat and organ meat.
3. What physiological role does phosphorus play in the body?
- A. Blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, and relaxation
- B. Calcium homeostasis, structural integrity of heart muscle
- C. No known metabolic function, caries-preventing properties
- D. ATP energy release; metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins; regulates acid-base balance
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Phosphorus plays a crucial role in ATP energy release, the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and regulation of acid-base balance. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Phosphorus is not directly involved in blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contraction, or calcium homeostasis. It also has known metabolic functions and is not associated with caries prevention.
4. If a patient complains of dizziness, which term below best describes this feeling?
- A. Contraindication
- B. Sign
- C. Objective data
- D. Symptom
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Symptom.' Dizziness is a symptom because it is a subjective experience reported by the patient. A 'contraindication' refers to a specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful. A 'sign' is an objective finding that can be observed or measured. 'Objective data' refers to measurable and observable information about a patient's condition, which is usually obtained through physical examination or diagnostic tests. Therefore, in this case, 'Symptom' is the best term to describe the patient's feeling of dizziness.
5. While caring for a client receiving epoetin alfa to treat anemia, which finding should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Leukocytosis
- B. Hypertension
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Fever
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor the client for hypertension when receiving epoetin alfa. Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production, which can lead to increased blood pressure. Leukocytosis (increased white blood cells) and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) are not typically associated with epoetin alfa therapy. Fever is also not a common adverse effect of this medication.
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