ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System
1. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client following gastrectomy. Which measure will the nurse instruct the client to follow to assist in preventing dumping syndrome?
- A. Eat high-carbohydrate foods
- B. Limit the fluids taken with meals
- C. Ambulate following a meal
- D. Sit in a high-Fowlers position during meals
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To prevent dumping syndrome after a gastrectomy, it is recommended to limit fluids taken with meals to slow down gastric emptying and reduce the symptoms.
2. . A nurse is planning care for a nephrology patient with a new nursing graduate. The nurse states, A patient in renal failure partially loses the ability to regulate changes in pH. What is the cause of this partial inability?
- A. The kidneys regulate and reabsorb carbonic acid to change and maintain pH.
- B. The kidneys buffer acids through electrolyte changes
- C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
- D. The kidneys combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
Correct answer: The kidneys regenerate and reabsorb bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH.
Rationale:
3. Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle from the aorta?
- A. Aortic valve
- B. Mitral valve
- C. Tricuspid valve
- D. Pulmonary valve
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Aortic valve. The aortic valve is positioned between the left ventricle and the aorta. It prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has been pumped into the aorta. The mitral valve (Choice B) is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, the tricuspid valve (Choice C) is between the right atrium and right ventricle, and the pulmonary valve (Choice D) is situated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Therefore, they are not responsible for preventing backflow from the aorta into the left ventricle.
4. A client has a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. This medication will increase your potassium levels.
- B. You should take this medication with food to prevent gastrointestinal upset.
- C. This medication will decrease your blood glucose levels.
- D. You should increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in the teaching for a client with a new prescription for furosemide is that the client should take the medication with food to prevent gastrointestinal upset. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause gastrointestinal upset, so taking it with food can help reduce this side effect and improve medication tolerance. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because furosemide does not increase potassium levels, decrease blood glucose levels, or require an increase in the intake of potassium-rich foods. Therefore, the most important teaching point for the client is to take furosemide with food.
5. What is the role of a nurse in a multidisciplinary team (MDT)?
- A. To lead the MDT
- B. To provide emotional support
- C. To advocate for patient needs
- D. To conduct clinical research
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a multidisciplinary team (MDT), a nurse's role is to advocate for patient needs and ensure their perspectives are considered in the care plan. While leadership may be a part of a nurse's role in some settings, the primary focus in an MDT is collaboration and coordination. Providing emotional support is essential but may not be the primary role of a nurse in an MDT. Conducting clinical research is typically not a direct responsibility of a nurse in an MDT focused on patient care.
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