the nurse is preparing an airborne infection isolation room for a patient which communicable disease does the patient likely have

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children ATI

1. The nurse is preparing an airborne infection isolation room for a patient. Which communicable disease does the patient likely have?

A. Varicella
B. Pertussis
C. Influenza
D. Scarlet fever

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Varicella (chickenpox) is an airborne infectious disease, requiring isolation to prevent the spread of the virus.

2. What is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year in the United States?

A. Heart disease
B. Childhood cancer
C. Unintentional injuries
D. Congenital anomalies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death among children older than 1 year in the United States.

3. The nurse is taking a health history of an adolescent. Which best describes how the chief complaint should be determined?

A. Request a detailed listing of symptoms.
B. Ask the adolescent, "Why did you come here today?"
C. Interview the parent away from the adolescent to determine the chief complaint
D. Use what the adolescent says to determine, in correct medical terminology, what the problem is

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Asking the adolescent directly about the reason for their visit encourages open communication and helps the nurse understand the primary concern from the patient's perspective.

4. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of intussusception in children?

A. Bilious vomiting
B. "Currant jelly" stools
C. Abdominal distention
D. Constipation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Currant jelly" stools, consisting of mucus and blood, are characteristic of intussusception in children. It occurs due to the telescoping of a segment of the intestine into an adjacent segment, leading to obstruction and subsequent mucosal ischemia, causing the passage of bloody mucus in the stool. Bilious vomiting can be seen in other conditions like bowel obstruction, abdominal distention can be present but is not as specific, and constipation is less likely in the presentation of intussusception.

5. What is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants?

A. Dry cough
B. Wheezing
C. Stridor
D. Productive cough

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wheezing. Wheezing is a key distinguishing feature of bronchiolitis in infants, typically caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Bronchiolitis is characterized by inflammation and mucus buildup in the small airways of the lungs, leading to wheezing sounds during breathing. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dry cough, stridor, and productive cough are not typical features of bronchiolitis in infants.