Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is preparing an airborne infection isolation room for a patient. Which communicable disease does the patient likely have?

• A. Varicella
• B. Pertussis
• C. Influenza
• D. Scarlet fever

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Varicella (chickenpox) is an airborne infectious disease, requiring isolation to prevent the spread of the virus.

2. A toddler’s mother calls the nurse because she thinks her son has swallowed a button type of battery. He has no signs of respiratory distress. The nurse’s response should be based on which premise?

• A. An emergency laparotomy is very likely.
• B. The location needs to be confirmed by radiographic examination.
• C. Surgery will be necessary if the battery has not passed in the stool in 48 hours.
• D. Careful observation is essential because an ingested battery cannot be accurately detected.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Radiographic examination is essential to confirm the location of the battery, as it can cause significant damage, particularly if lodged in the esophagus. Immediate surgery may be required depending on its location and the potential for causing harm.

3. The mother of a 3-month-old breastfed infant asks about giving her baby water because it is summer and very warm. What should the nurse tell her?

• A. Fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed.
• B. Water should be given if the infant seems to nurse longer than usual.
• C. Clear juices are better than water to promote adequate fluid intake.
• D. Water once or twice a day will make up for losses resulting from environmental temperature.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Breast milk provides adequate hydration, even in warm weather, so additional fluids like water are not necessary and can interfere with breastfeeding.

4. What is often the initial sign of acute rheumatic fever in children?

• A. Polyarthritis
• B. Carditis
• C. Erythema marginatum
• D. Sydenham chorea

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Polyarthritis is indeed frequently the initial sign of acute rheumatic fever in children. It presents as joint pain, swelling, and redness. Carditis (inflammation of the heart), Erythema marginatum (a skin rash), and Sydenham chorea (involuntary muscle movements) are typically seen in the later stages of acute rheumatic fever and not as the initial sign.

5. What illnesses does respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) prevent?

• A. HBV, Hib, and pertussis
• B. HSV, influenza, and HBV
• C. RSV, influenza, and adenovirus
• D. RSV, pertussis, and varicella

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: RSV, influenza, and adenovirus. The CDC recommends respiratory hygiene and etiquette to prevent the transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, adenovirus, and other droplet-transmitted unknown viruses. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because HBV, Hib, pertussis, HSV, and varicella are not typically transmitted via droplets but through other modes of transmission.

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