ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. The nurse is performing an otoscopic examination on a child. Which are normal findings the nurse should expect? (Select all that apply.)
- A. All below
- B. A well-defined light reflex
- C. A small, round, concave spot near the center of the drum
- D. The tympanic membrane is a nontransparent grayish color
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A well-defined light reflex, a small concave spot, and a grayish, nontransparent tympanic membrane are normal findings during an otoscopic examination in a child.
2. What is a condition where the walls of the arteries become thickened and stiff, often due to the buildup of plaque, leading to reduced blood flow?
- A. Atherosclerosis
- B. Angina
- C. Hypertension
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis is the correct answer. It is a condition characterized by the thickening and stiffening of artery walls due to plaque buildup, which restricts blood flow. Angina (choice B) is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Hypertension (choice C) is high blood pressure, not directly related to arterial wall thickening. Arrhythmia (choice D) refers to irregular heart rhythms and is not specifically linked to artery wall changes like atherosclerosis.
3. A patient has acute respiratory failure (ARF). Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?
- A. Alkalosis and hyperventilation
- B. Hypoxemia and hypercapnia
- C. Alkalosis and high potassium
- D. Elevated sodium and acidosis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In acute respiratory failure, hypoxemia (low blood oxygen) and hypercapnia (high blood carbon dioxide) are commonly observed. Choice A is incorrect because alkalosis (high pH) and hyperventilation are not typically seen in acute respiratory failure. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions alkalosis and high potassium, which are not characteristic of acute respiratory failure. Choice D is also incorrect because elevated sodium and acidosis are not typically associated with acute respiratory failure.
4. Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning in a patient taking digoxin?
- A. Monitor potassium levels
- B. Monitor calcium levels
- C. Monitor sodium levels
- D. Monitor magnesium levels
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor potassium levels. Patients taking digoxin are at risk of developing toxicity due to hypokalemia. Low potassium levels can potentiate the toxic effects of digoxin on the heart, leading to serious arrhythmias. Monitoring calcium levels (Choice B) is not the primary concern in patients taking digoxin. While calcium levels play a role in cardiac function, hypocalcemia is not directly associated with digoxin toxicity. Monitoring sodium levels (Choice C) is important for other conditions but is not the primary concern in a patient taking digoxin. Monitoring magnesium levels (Choice D) is also essential, but hypomagnesemia is not as directly linked to digoxin toxicity as hypokalemia.
5. What can be an equally effective medicinal alternative to relieve muscle and joint pains that is non-costly, especially in far-flung communities and provinces, apart from the muscle pain-relieving drug advertised by Manny Pacquiao in the Philippines market?
- A. Sambong
- B. Lagundi
- C. Akapulko
- D. Yerba Buena
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Yerba Buena is a well-known herbal medicine in the Philippines that is traditionally used for its muscle pain-relieving properties. It is a cost-effective alternative that can be easily accessible, particularly in remote areas where access to modern medicines may be limited. Yerba Buena has been proven effective in providing relief for muscle and joint pains, making it a suitable option for those seeking a non-costly remedy in such communities.
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