the nurse is performing an otoscopic examination on a child which are normal findings the nurse should expect select all that apply

ATI RN

ATI Nursing Care of Children

1. The nurse is performing an otoscopic examination on a child. Which are normal findings the nurse should expect? (Select all that apply.)

A. All below
B. A well-defined light reflex
C. A small, round, concave spot near the center of the drum
D. The tympanic membrane is a nontransparent grayish color

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A well-defined light reflex, a small concave spot, and a grayish, nontransparent tympanic membrane are normal findings during an otoscopic examination in a child.

2. Nursing care of children focuses on improving quality by:

A. Improving sanitation
B. Focusing on curing childhood illnesses
C. Addressing problems caused by communicable disease
D. Providing a holistic environment for optimal growth and development

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because nursing care for children should encompass a holistic approach that considers not only physical health but also emotional, social, and developmental aspects. Providing a holistic environment promotes optimal growth and development by addressing all these dimensions. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while sanitation, curing illnesses, and addressing communicable diseases are important aspects of child healthcare, they do not encompass the comprehensive care provided by a holistic approach.

3. What is the primary treatment goal for a child with nephrotic syndrome?

A. Reduce proteinuria
B. Lower blood pressure
C. Increase urine output
D. Prevent infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reduce proteinuria. In nephrotic syndrome, the primary treatment goal is to reduce proteinuria to prevent further kidney damage. Lowering blood pressure (choice B) is important in managing some types of kidney disease but is not the primary treatment goal in nephrotic syndrome. Increasing urine output (choice C) and preventing infections (choice D) are important aspects of supportive care but are not the primary treatment goal for nephrotic syndrome.

4. Which statement best describes colic?

A. Periods of abdominal pain resulting in weight loss
B. Usually the result of poor or inadequate mothering
C. Periods of abdominal pain and crying occurring in infants older than age 6 months
D. A paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Colic is characterized by episodes of loud, inconsolable crying, often due to abdominal discomfort, and typically occurs in infants younger than 6 months. It is not related to poor mothering, nor does it necessarily result in weight loss.

5. The nurse is teaching parents of a child with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) disease about foods that can exacerbate acid reflux. What foods should be included in the teaching session?

A. Citrus
B. All of the above
C. Spicy foods
D. Peppermint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: All of the above. Citrus, spicy foods, and peppermint are known to exacerbate GER symptoms by increasing acid production or relaxing the lower esophageal sphincter. Therefore, these foods should be avoided by a child with GER disease. Bananas, on the other hand, are generally safe and do not contribute to acid reflux. Choice B is correct because all the mentioned foods can worsen GER symptoms, while bananas are considered safe.