ATI RN
ATI Oncology Quiz
1. The nurse is instructing a client on ways to reduce the risk of lymphedema after a mastectomy. Which of the following should be emphasized?
- A. Elevate the affected arm
- B. Avoid lifting heavy objects
- C. Use compression garments as prescribed
- D. Avoid wearing tight clothing
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After a mastectomy, particularly when lymph nodes are removed, patients are at increased risk for developing lymphedema, which is a buildup of lymph fluid that can cause swelling in the affected arm. Wearing tight clothing can constrict lymphatic flow and increase the risk of developing lymphedema by impeding normal lymphatic drainage. Therefore, it is crucial to advise patients to avoid tight-fitting clothing, especially around the chest and arm areas.
2. According to the principles of standard precautions, when should gloves be worn by healthcare providers?
- A. Providing a back massage
- B. Feeding a client
- C. Providing hair care
- D. Providing oral hygiene
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Gloves should be worn when providing oral hygiene as it involves potential exposure to bodily fluids, aligning with the standard precautions to prevent the transmission of infections. Providing a back massage, feeding a client, and providing hair care do not typically involve direct exposure to bodily fluids, so wearing gloves is not necessary in these scenarios according to standard precautions.
3. What is accurate health promotion teaching to prevent ear infection or trauma? (Select all that apply)
- A. Blow nose gently without blocking nostrils
- B. Wear hearing protection when exposed to loud noise
- C. Avoid using cotton-tipped applicators to clean the external ear
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct health promotion teachings to prevent ear infection or trauma include blowing the nose gently without blocking nostrils, wearing hearing protection when exposed to loud noise, and avoiding the use of cotton-tipped applicators to clean the external ear. Blocking one nostril when blowing the nose is incorrect, as it can cause problems. Therefore, choice A is inaccurate. Additionally, using cotton-tipped applicators to clean the external ear can lead to trauma or infection, making choice C a correct preventive measure.
4. A 54-year-old patient is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which admission order should the nurse implement first?
- A. Infuse 1 liter of normal saline per hour.
- B. Give sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq IV push.
- C. Administer regular insulin 10 U by IV push.
- D. Start a regular insulin infusion at 0.1 units/kg/hr.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In a patient admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis, the initial priority is to address dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Infusing 1 liter of normal saline per hour helps correct hypovolemia and restore electrolyte balance, making it the first essential step in managing diabetic ketoacidosis. Sodium bicarbonate is not routinely recommended in treating diabetic ketoacidosis and should not be given routinely as it may worsen the acidosis. Administering regular insulin and starting an insulin infusion are important but should come after fluid resuscitation to stabilize the patient's condition.
5. Which condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle?
- A. Angina
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Pericarditis
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Angina. Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often due to coronary artery disease. Choice B, Myocardial infarction, involves the death of heart muscle tissue due to a lack of blood supply, presenting with symptoms similar to angina but more severe. Pericarditis (Choice C) is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart, which may cause chest pain but is not primarily due to reduced blood flow. Arrhythmia (Choice D) refers to abnormal heart rhythms but is not directly related to chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
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