Nursing Elites

1. In the management of heart failure, which diuretic is preferred due to its demonstrated significant mortality reduction in patients with heart failure?

• A. Furosemide (Lasix)
• B. Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
• C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
• D. Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, is the preferred choice in heart failure due to its cardio-protective effect, leading to reduced mortality in patients with heart failure. It is used to manage both hypertension and edema, making it a valuable option in heart failure treatment.

2. A parent of a preschooler is being taught by a nurse about administering ear drops. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will straighten my child's ear canal by pulling it upward and backward.
• B. I will administer the ear drops immediately after removing them from the refrigerator.
• C. I will pull the ear lobe down and back before administering the ear drops.
• D. I will massage my child's ear after administering the ear drops.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Correct administration of ear drops includes massaging the child's ear after administering the drops to facilitate proper absorption of the medication. This action helps ensure the effectiveness of the treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A describes incorrect positioning of the ear canal, choice B mentions incorrect storage of the ear drops, and choice C describes an incorrect technique for administering ear drops.

3. After administering Gardasil, the HPV vaccine, to an 11-year-old girl, the healthcare provider informs the parent that routine screening with which diagnostic test is needed?

• A. Beta hCG
• B. Chlamydia test
• C. PAP test
• D. Mammogram

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Following the administration of Gardasil, the HPV vaccine, routine screening with a PAP test is necessary. While Gardasil protects against certain types of HPV, it does not cover all strains that could lead to cervical cancer. Therefore, individuals who have received the vaccine should still undergo regular PAP tests to screen for cervical abnormalities caused by other HPV strains.

4. When the home health nurse visits the home of a 10-month-old child, she observes the environment for risks of injury to the child. Which observation will the nurse discuss with the mother?

• A. The mother leaves the filled mop bucket on the floor while in another room.
• B. The mother turns all pan handles to the back of the stove.
• C. The mother fills the bathtub before bringing the baby into the bathroom.
• D. When riding in a car, the child is in a car seat in the middle of the back seat.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because leaving a filled mop bucket on the floor poses a drowning hazard for a 10-month-old child. Water in the bucket can be a potential drowning risk if the child falls into it. Pan handles turned to the back of the stove prevent accidental spills or burns, which is a safety measure in the kitchen. Filling the bathtub before bringing the baby into the bathroom helps in preventing burns from hot water. Placing the child in a car seat in the middle of the back seat provides safety by minimizing the risk of injury during a car ride, but it is not the most immediate risk to address in the scenario provided.

5. How do activity observation and analysis support pediatric occupational therapy intervention?

• A. Grading is based on standard protocols for the specific activity.
• B. Preparatory activities are selected to efficiently build specific skills without the need for further design considerations.
• C. Activity synthesis integrates the results to identify alternate ways of performing activities.
• D. Usual modifications for the identified activity are implemented.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Activity observation and analysis support pediatric occupational therapy intervention by synthesizing information obtained through observation to identify alternative methods of performing activities. This process assists in intervention planning by exploring different approaches to help children achieve their occupational therapy goals effectively.

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