Nursing Elites

1. What is the initial technique used when examining a client's abdomen?

• A. Palpation
• B. Auscultation
• C. Percussion
• D. Inspection

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When examining a client's abdomen, the initial technique used is inspection. Inspection involves visually assessing the abdomen for any abnormalities, such as distention, scars, or rashes. This step allows the healthcare provider to gather valuable information before proceeding to other examination techniques like palpation, auscultation, and percussion. Palpation, auscultation, and percussion are secondary techniques used after visual inspection to further assess the abdomen for specific findings. Palpation involves feeling the abdomen for masses or tenderness, auscultation is listening for bowel sounds, and percussion is tapping the abdomen to assess for areas of dullness or resonance.

2. A patient presents with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by shortness of breath, orthopnea, thick, tenacious secretions, and a dry hacking cough. An appropriate nursing diagnosis would be:

• A. Ineffective airway clearance related to thick, tenacious secretions.
• B. Ineffective airway clearance related to dry, hacking cough.
• C. Ineffective individual coping with COPD.
• D. Pain related to immobilization of affected leg.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of shortness of breath, orthopnea, thick, tenacious secretions, and a dry hacking cough all point towards a potential airway clearance issue. This makes option A, 'Ineffective airway clearance related to thick, tenacious secretions,' the most appropriate nursing diagnosis. It directly addresses the thick secretions and suggests a potential cause of the breathing difficulty the patient is experiencing.

3. Which hormone is secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?

• A. Progesterone
• B. Testosterone
• C. Insulin
• D. Hemoglobin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Insulin is the correct answer. It is the hormone secreted by the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. These specialized cells regulate blood sugar levels by releasing insulin in response to high blood glucose levels. Insulin aids in glucose absorption by cells, lowering blood sugar levels. Progesterone, testosterone, and hemoglobin are not secreted by the Islets of Langerhans and do not play a role in blood sugar regulation.

4. A client has had a cast applied, and a nurse is providing care. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

• A. Place an ice pack over the cast.
• B. Palpate the pulse distal to the cast.
• C. Teach the client to keep the cast clean and dry.
• D. Position the casted extremity on a pillow.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When caring for a client with a newly applied cast, the nurse's priority should be to assess the circulation by palpating the pulse distal to the cast. This is crucial to ensure there is no compromise in blood flow, which could lead to serious complications. Placing an ice pack over the cast, teaching the client about cast care, and positioning the casted extremity on a pillow are important interventions but should follow the assessment of circulation.

5. How many ounces are in 1 cup?

• A. 8
• B. 80
• C. 800
• D. 8000

Correct answer: A

Rationale: 1 cup is equivalent to 8 ounces. This conversion is commonly used in cooking and baking recipes, where precise measurements are crucial for the successful outcome of dishes. Knowing this conversion helps ensure that ingredients are accurately measured and the recipe turns out as intended. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct conversion between cups and ounces. 80, 800, and 8000 ounces are significantly higher quantities than what is found in 1 cup, which is 8 ounces.

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