ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf
1. The client is on enalapril (Vasotec) for hypertension. What side effect is most commonly associated with this medication?
- A. Dry cough
- B. Hypotension
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Headache
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry cough. A dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like enalapril. ACE inhibitors can cause the accumulation of bradykinin, leading to irritation of the respiratory tract and resulting in a persistent dry cough. Hypotension (choice B) is a possible side effect of ACE inhibitors but is less common than a dry cough. Hyperkalemia (choice C) is another side effect of ACE inhibitors, but it is not the most commonly associated one. Headache (choice D) is not a common side effect of enalapril compared to a dry cough. Therefore, the most commonly associated side effect with enalapril is a dry cough.
2. Which intervention should be prioritized for a client experiencing panic-level anxiety?
- A. Postpone health teaching until anxiety subsides
- B. Encourage participation in group therapy
- C. Monitor vital signs every 5 minutes
- D. Provide reassurance and remain with the client
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During panic-level anxiety, the priority is to provide reassurance and remain with the client. This intervention helps to offer immediate support, comfort, and a sense of safety to the client. Postponing health teaching until anxiety subsides (Choice A) is not appropriate as the client's immediate emotional needs are more critical. Encouraging participation in group therapy (Choice B) may be beneficial in the long term but is not the priority during a panic attack. While monitoring vital signs (Choice C) is important, providing reassurance and support take precedence in managing panic-level anxiety.
3. What is the function of the corpus luteum?
- A. is where fertilization usually takes place
- B. secretes hormones that prepare the lining of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum
- C. is one of two long, thin structures that lead to the hollow, softly lined uterus
- D. is one of two walnut-sized organs located deep inside a woman's abdomen
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that forms after ovulation. It secretes hormones, particularly progesterone, which help prepare the uterine lining for possible implantation of a fertilized ovum. This process is crucial for maintaining a potential pregnancy. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is inaccurate as fertilization typically occurs in the fallopian tubes. Choice C describes the fallopian tubes, not the corpus luteum. Choice D refers to the ovaries, not specifically the corpus luteum.
4. Where do most peptic ulcers occur?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Stomach
- C. Duodenum
- D. Jejunum
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Most peptic ulcers occur in the duodenum, particularly in cases of duodenal ulcers. The correct answer is the duodenum because it is the most common site for peptic ulcers to develop. Peptic ulcers rarely occur in the esophagus and jejunum, making choices A, B, and D incorrect.
5. A nurse assesses a client who is admitted with an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.32, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 34 mm Hg, and HCO3 16 mEq/L. What action should the nurse take next?
- A. Assess clients rate, rhythm, and depth of respiration.
- B. Measure the clients pulse and blood pressure.
- C. Document the findings and continue to monitor.
- D. Notify the physician as soon as possible.
Correct answer: Assess clients rate, rhythm, and depth of respiration.
Rationale:
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