Nursing Elites

1. The client has just had surgery to create an ileostomy. The nurse assesses the client in the immediate post-op period for which of the following most frequent complications of this type of surgery?

• A. Intestinal obstruction
• B. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
• C. Malabsorption of fat
• D. Folate deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance is a common complication following ileostomy surgery due to the loss of large volumes of fluid and electrolytes through the stoma. Monitoring and replacing fluids and electrolytes is essential.

2. Matt is a 49 y.o. with a hiatal hernia that you are about to counsel. Health care counseling for Matt should include which of the following instructions?

• A. Restrict intake of high-carbohydrate foods.
• B. Increase fluid intake with meals.
• C. Increase fat intake.
• D. Eat three regular meals a day.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: For a patient with a hiatal hernia, it is important to eat three regular meals a day to prevent symptoms.

3. The nurse is teaching the client how to perform a colostomy irrigation. To enhance the effectiveness of the irrigation and fecal returns, what measure should the nurse instruct the client to do?

• A. Increase fluid intake
• B. Reduce the amount of irrigation solution
• C. Perform the irrigation in the evening
• D. Place heat on the abdomen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Increasing fluid intake helps to enhance the effectiveness of colostomy irrigation by softening the stool and promoting better fecal return.

4. Which of the following symptoms indicates diverticulosis?

• A. No symptoms exist
• B. Change in bowel habits
• C. Anorexia with low-grade fever
• D. Episodic, dull, or steady midabdominal pain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Diverticulosis often has no symptoms and is usually found incidentally during tests for other conditions.

5. Which of the following best describes the method of action of medications, such as ranitidine (Zantac), which are used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease?

• A. Neutralize acid
• B. Reduce acid secretions
• C. Stimulate gastrin release
• D. Protect the mucosal barrier

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Medications like ranitidine (Zantac) are H2 receptor antagonists that reduce acid secretions in the stomach, helping to treat peptic ulcer disease.

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