ATI RN
ATI Fundamentals Proctored Exam 2024
1. If a healthcare provider administers an injection to a patient who refuses, they have committed:
- A. Assault and battery
- B. Negligence
- C. Malpractice
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When a healthcare provider administers treatment, such as an injection, against a patient's refusal or will, it constitutes assault and battery. Assault refers to the intentional act that causes a person to fear that they will be touched without consent, while battery involves the actual harmful or offensive contact. In this scenario, administering the injection without the patient's consent is both an assault (causing fear of unwanted contact) and a battery (unwanted physical contact). Therefore, the correct answer is 'Assault and battery.' Negligence refers to a failure to exercise the appropriate level of care expected in a situation, while malpractice involves professional negligence or misconduct.
2. Which of the following principles of primary nursing has proven the most satisfying to the patient and nurse?
- A. Administer oxygen by Venturi mask at 24% as needed
- B. Allow a 1-hour rest period between activities
- C. Patients and nurses both respond well to primary nursing care units
- D. Studies have shown that patients and nurses both respond well to primary nursing care units
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Primary nursing care units have been proven to be highly satisfying for both patients and nurses. This model promotes a consistent and continuous relationship between a patient and a primary nurse, leading to improved communication, personalized care, and overall satisfaction for both parties involved.
3. In which of the following organs does the exchange of gases take place?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Lungs
- C. Liver
- D. Heart
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The exchange of gases, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, occurs in the lungs. In the lungs, oxygen from the air we breathe enters the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled. This process is essential for respiration and supplying the body with oxygen for energy production. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine and regulate fluid balance (Choice A). The liver is involved in detoxification, protein synthesis, and producing bile (Choice C). The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients (Choice D).
4. What is a muscular enlarged pouch or sac that lies slightly to the left and is used for the temporary storage of food?
- A. Gallbladder
- B. Urinary bladder
- C. Stomach
- D. Lungs
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the stomach. The stomach is a muscular organ located slightly to the left in the abdominal cavity. It serves as a temporary storage site for food where it is mixed with digestive enzymes and acids to begin the process of digestion. The gallbladder (Choice A) is not involved in food storage; it stores bile produced by the liver. The urinary bladder (Choice B) is part of the urinary system and stores urine. The lungs (Choice D) are responsible for respiration, not food storage.
5. What is the transparent membrane that focuses the light entering the eyes onto the retina?
- A. Lens
- B. Sclera
- C. Cornea
- D. Pupils
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the lens. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye that helps to focus light onto the retina, which is essential for clear vision. The cornea and sclera are also important parts of the eye, but the lens specifically plays a crucial role in focusing light onto the retina. The sclera is the white outer layer of the eye that helps maintain the shape of the eye, while the cornea is the clear outer covering of the eye that helps to refract light into the eye.