Nursing Elites

1. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse use essential information about the child’s physical, social, and emotional health to decide which interventions to use?

• A. Implementation
• B. Planning
• C. Diagnosis
• D. Assessment

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Planning. During the planning phase of the nursing process, the nurse utilizes essential information gathered during the assessment about the child’s physical, social, and emotional health to determine the most appropriate interventions to address the identified needs. This phase focuses on developing a comprehensive care plan tailored to the individual child. A) Implementation is incorrect because this phase involves carrying out the interventions outlined in the care plan. C) Diagnosis is incorrect as it refers to identifying health issues based on the assessment data. D) Assessment is incorrect as it involves collecting and analyzing data about the child's health status, rather than deciding on interventions.

2. The nurse is caring for an infant after a cleft lip repair. Which of these measures should be included in the plan of care?

• A. Position prone
• B. Provide fluids from a cup
• C. Position supine
• D. Avoid elbow restraints

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct measure that should be included in the plan of care for an infant after a cleft lip repair is to position the infant supine. Placing the infant in a supine position helps protect the surgical site from injury and promotes proper healing. Choice A, 'Position prone,' is incorrect as placing the infant prone can put pressure on the surgical site and hinder healing. Choice B, 'Provide fluids from a cup,' is not directly related to the surgical care of a cleft lip repair. Choice D, 'Avoid elbow restraints,' is not specific to the postoperative care of a cleft lip repair.

3. Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of an infant at age 5 months?

• A. Neat pincer grasp
• B. Strong grasp reflex
• C. Builds a tower of two cubes
• D. Able to grasp object voluntarily

Correct answer: D

Rationale: By 5 months, infants develop the ability to grasp objects voluntarily, showing improved motor control. The neat pincer grasp and building towers are skills that develop later.

4. What is the primary concern in a child with nephrotic syndrome?

• A. Hypotension
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Hyperlipidemia
• D. Hypocalcemia

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyperlipidemia. Children with nephrotic syndrome often present with hyperlipidemia due to altered lipid metabolism, making it a primary concern in these patients. Hypotension (choice A) is not a primary concern in nephrotic syndrome. Hyperkalemia (choice B) and hypocalcemia (choice D) are not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome and are less likely to be primary concerns in these patients.

5. Which pediatric condition is characterized by a "string sign" on an upper GI series?

• A. Intussusception
• B. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
• C. Hirschsprung disease
• D. Meckel diverticulum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The "string sign" is associated with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, a condition where the pyloric canal is narrowed, leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Intussusception (choice A) typically presents with colicky abdominal pain and currant jelly stools. Hirschsprung disease (choice C) is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal colon. Meckel diverticulum (choice D) is a congenital outpouching of the small intestine that can present with painless rectal bleeding.

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