Nursing Elites

1. During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse use essential information about the child’s physical, social, and emotional health to decide which interventions to use?

• A. Implementation
• B. Planning
• C. Diagnosis
• D. Assessment

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Planning. During the planning phase of the nursing process, the nurse utilizes essential information gathered during the assessment about the child’s physical, social, and emotional health to determine the most appropriate interventions to address the identified needs. This phase focuses on developing a comprehensive care plan tailored to the individual child. A) Implementation is incorrect because this phase involves carrying out the interventions outlined in the care plan. C) Diagnosis is incorrect as it refers to identifying health issues based on the assessment data. D) Assessment is incorrect as it involves collecting and analyzing data about the child's health status, rather than deciding on interventions.

2. What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?

• A. Cystitis
• B. Urethritis
• C. Urosepsis
• D. Bacteriuria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, urosepsis to a systemic infection stemming from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria to the presence of bacteria in the urine.

3. The parent of a 2-week-old infant asks the nurse if fluoride supplements are necessary because the infant is exclusively breastfed. What is the nurse's best response?

• A. The infant needs to begin taking them now.
• B. Supplements are not needed if you drink fluoridated water.
• C. The infant may need to begin taking them at age 6 months.
• D. The infant can have infant cereal mixed with fluoridated water instead of supplements.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Breastfed infants may need fluoride supplements starting at 6 months if they are not receiving fluoride from other sources, such as drinking water.

4. Which developmental milestone would the nurse expect an 11-month-old infant to have achieved?

• A. Sitting independently
• B. Turning a doorknob
• C. Building a tower of four cubes
• D. Walking independently

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sitting independently. By 11 months, most infants can sit independently. This milestone usually precedes walking, which typically occurs closer to 12 months. Turning a doorknob and building a tower of four cubes involve more complex motor skills that are typically achieved later in development. Therefore, at 11 months, sitting independently is the milestone that the nurse would expect an infant to have achieved.

5. What is the purpose of using cimetidine (Tagamet) for gastroesophageal reflux?

• A. The medication reduces gastric acid secretion.
• B. The medication neutralizes the acid in the stomach.
• C. The medication increases the rate of gastric emptying time.
• D. The medication coats the lining of the stomach and esophagus.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cimetidine (Tagamet) is an H2 receptor antagonist that works by reducing gastric acid secretion. This action helps to decrease the acidity in the stomach, which in turn reduces the symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Choice B is incorrect because cimetidine does not neutralize acid but rather decreases its production. Choice C is incorrect as cimetidine does not affect the rate of gastric emptying time. Choice D is incorrect as cimetidine does not coat the lining of the stomach and esophagus but instead works to reduce gastric acid secretion.

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