ATI RN
ATI RN Custom Exams Set 4
1. What nutrient can be obtained from broccoli and is related to the concept of increased excretion?
- A. Potassium
- B. Increased excretion
- C. Broccoli
- D.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Broccoli. Broccoli is a good source of potassium. Increased excretion can be related to the dietary intake of nutrients like potassium. Choice A, Potassium, is a nutrient obtained from broccoli but is not directly related to increased excretion. Choice B, Increased excretion, is a process rather than a nutrient obtained from broccoli, making it an incorrect choice.
2. The nurse provides medication instructions to a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates best understanding of the medication therapy?
- A. The cimetidine (Tagamet) will cause me to produce less stomach acid.
- B. Sucralfate (Carafate) will change the fluid in my stomach.
- C. Antacids will coat my stomach.
- D. Omeprazole (Prilosec) will coat the ulcer and help it heal.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cimetidine (Tagamet) a Histamine H2 receptor antagonist, will decrease the secretion of gastric acid. Sucralfate (Carafate) promotes healing by coating the ulcer. Antacids neutralize acid in the stomach. Omeprazole (Prilosec) inhibits gastric acid secretion.
3. A client is experiencing a panic attack. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Remain with the client and offer reassurance.
- B. Administer an anti-anxiety medication as prescribed.
- C. Encourage the client to engage in physical activity.
- D. Encourage the client to breathe deeply and slowly.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During a panic attack, the immediate priority for the nurse is to provide support and reassurance to the client. Remaining with the client helps establish a sense of safety and trust, which can help calm the client during an episode of panic. Administering medication, encouraging physical activity, and deep breathing techniques are beneficial interventions, but offering reassurance and support should be the initial step to address the immediate emotional distress and anxiety experienced by the client.
4. The neurotransmitter GABA mainly functions to trigger inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Therefore, when explaining this to a group of nursing students, the nurse will state:
- A. It takes at least three chemical substances (amino acids, neuropeptides, and monoamines) to stimulate any activity between the cells.
- B. There is a symbiotic relationship; therefore, the end result will be depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane.
- C. The combination of GABA with a receptor site is inhibitory since it causes the local nerve membrane to become hyperpolarized and less excitable.
- D. The neurotransmitters will interact with cholinergic receptors to bind to acetylcholine in order to produce hypopolarization within the cell.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When GABA binds with a receptor site, it causes hyperpolarization of the local nerve membrane, making it less excitable. This hyperpolarization leads to inhibition of nerve cell activity. Choice A is incorrect because GABA is a neurotransmitter itself and does not require three chemical substances to stimulate activity between cells. Choice B is incorrect as GABA triggers inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs), leading to hyperpolarization, not depolarization, of the postsynaptic membrane. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes a process involving cholinergic receptors and acetylcholine, which is unrelated to GABA's mechanism of action.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet. The client’s family has requested to bring in some of the client’s favorite foods. Which of the following food items should the nurse tell the family members to omit?
- A. Boiled rice
- B. Flat bread
- C. Broiled fish fillet
- D. Pickled vegetables
Correct answer: Pickled vegetables
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Pickled vegetables.' Pickled vegetables are high in sodium due to the pickling process, making them unsuitable for a low-sodium diet. Boiled rice, flat bread, and broiled fish fillet are generally lower in sodium compared to pickled vegetables and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Therefore, the nurse should advise the family to omit pickled vegetables to adhere to the client's dietary restrictions.