Nursing Elites

1. An adolescent with irritable bowel syndrome comes to see the school nurse. What information should the nurse share with the adolescent?

• A. A low-fiber diet is not always required.
• B. Stress management may be helpful.
• C. Milk products may or may not be a contributing factor.
• D. Pantoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor) is not a first-line treatment.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stress management may be helpful. Stress is known to exacerbate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), making stress management an essential part of managing the condition. While dietary modifications can also be beneficial, a low-fiber diet is not universally recommended for IBS, as fiber can be important for some individuals. Milk products may or may not be contributing factors, as food triggers can vary among individuals. Pantoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, is not typically the first-line treatment for IBS, as it is more commonly used for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease.

2. The nurse's approach when introducing hospital equipment to a preschooler who seems afraid should be based on which principle?

• A. The child may think the equipment is alive.
• B. Explaining the equipment will only increase the child’s fear
• C. One brief explanation will be enough to reduce the child’s fear
• D. The child is too young to understand what the equipment does

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Preschoolers may engage in magical thinking and believe inanimate objects are alive, so the nurse should explain the equipment in a way that reduces fear.

3. What urine test result is considered abnormal?

• A. pH 4.0
• B. WBC 1 or 2 cells/ml
• C. Protein level absent
• D. Specific gravity 1.020

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A urine pH of 4.0 is abnormally low, indicating possible acidosis or other metabolic conditions. WBC count of 1-2 cells/ml, absence of protein, and a specific gravity of 1.020 are within normal limits.

4. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with epiglottitis?

• A. Administer antibiotics
• B. Maintain airway patency
• C. Provide hydration
• D. Monitor vital signs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain airway patency. When dealing with a child with epiglottitis, the priority nursing intervention is to ensure airway patency to prevent airway obstruction, which can lead to respiratory distress or failure. Administering antibiotics (choice A) is important to treat the infection, but airway management takes precedence. Providing hydration (choice C) and monitoring vital signs (choice D) are essential aspects of care but are secondary to securing the airway in a child with epiglottitis.

5. What is the appropriate method for measuring the temperature of a 2-day-old neonate?

• A. Tympanic
• B. Oral
• C. Axillary
• D. Rectal

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For a 2-day-old neonate, the most suitable method to measure temperature is the axillary method. This approach is considered safe and appropriate for neonates, minimizing the risk of injury. Tympanic temperature measurement may not be as accurate in neonates due to their small ear canals. Oral temperature measurement is not recommended for neonates as they may not be able to hold a thermometer properly in their mouths. Rectal temperature measurement is invasive and carries a higher risk of injury and should be avoided unless absolutely necessary.

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