ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. According to Freud’s developmental theory, infancy is a stage of:
- A. Orality
- B. Latency
- C. Genitality
- D. Anality
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In Freud’s psychosexual development theory, the oral stage is the first stage and occurs during infancy. It focuses on activities involving the mouth, such as sucking and feeding. This stage is crucial for the child's development as it forms the basis for trust and attachment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as latency refers to the stage during middle childhood where sexual impulses are suppressed, genitality refers to the final stage focusing on mature sexual relationships, and anality refers to the stage occurring during the toddler years where toilet training plays a significant role.
2. The parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, "All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry." What is the nurse's best action?
- A. Encourage the parent to verbalize feelings.
- B. Encourage the parent not to worry so much.
- C. Assess the parent for other signs of inadequate parenting.
- D. Reassure the parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Encouraging the parent to express their feelings is crucial in providing support and addressing the emotional challenges that colic can present. Reassuring the parent about the temporary nature of colic can also be helpful.
3. For minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), prednisone is effective when what occurs?
- A. Appetite increases and blood pressure is normal
- B. Urinary tract infection is gone and edema subsides
- C. Generalized edema subsides and blood pressure is normal
- D. Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The effectiveness of prednisone in treating MCNS is indicated by diuresis and a decrease in urinary protein excretion. Subsidence of generalized edema is also a positive sign, but the key indicator is the reduction in proteinuria, which is achieved through diuresis.
4. What changes could the school nurse implement at the school to help reduce students’ risk for developing type 2 diabetes?
- A. Increase the amount of daily physical activity.
- B. Decrease the amount of daily physical activity.
- C. Test each child’s urine monthly.
- D. Teach parents to avoid administering aspirin to their child.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Increasing physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity and can prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes in children. Regular physical activity is a key component in managing weight and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Decreasing physical activity (Choice B) would not be beneficial in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Testing each child’s urine monthly (Choice C) is not directly related to preventing type 2 diabetes. Teaching parents to avoid administering aspirin to their child (Choice D) is important for Reye's syndrome prevention but not directly related to reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
5. The nurse discovers welts on the back of a Vietnamese child during a home health visit. The child's mother says she has rubbed the edge of a coin on her child's oiled skin. The nurse should recognize this as what?
- A. Child abuse
- B. Cultural practice to rid the body of disease
- C. Cultural practice to treat enuresis or temper tantrums
- D. Child discipline measure common in the Vietnamese culture
Correct answer: B
Rationale: This practice, known as "coining," is a cultural method believed to rid the body of illness and is not indicative of child abuse.