Nursing Elites

1. A woman who has been following a vegan diet may need ____ supplements.

• A. vitamin C and vitamin A
• B. vitamin D and vitamin B12
• C. vitamin E and K
• D. vitamin D and niacin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: vitamin D and vitamin B12. Vegans may need to supplement vitamin D and B12 as these nutrients are mainly found in animal products. While choices A, C, and D are essential vitamins, they are not typically lacking in a vegan diet. Vitamin C can be obtained from various plant sources, vitamin A can be derived from beta-carotene in plants, and vitamin E and K are also found in plant-based foods. Niacin, although important, can be sourced from plant-based sources and is not a common deficiency in vegan diets.

2. The nurse is correct in performing suctioning when she applies the suction intermittently during:

• A. Insertion of the suction catheter
• B. Withdrawing of the suction catheter
• C. both insertion and withdrawing of the suction catheter
• D. When the suction catheter tip reaches the bifurcation of the trachea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. The breakdown in teamwork is often times a failure in:

• A. Electricity
• B. Inadequate supply
• C. Leg work
• D. Communication

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

4. An estimated _____ percent of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected.

• A. 4%
• B. 21%
• C. 34%
• D. 49%

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: '21%'. Approximately 21% of persons in the United States who have HIV infection are unaware that they are infected. This percentage represents a significant portion of individuals who are not aware of their HIV status, highlighting the importance of increased testing and awareness campaigns. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the estimated percentage provided in the context.

5. What is a major feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for the treatment of high blood cholesterol?

• A. Avoiding all foods that contain cholesterol
• B. Reducing sodium intake to less than 2 g/day
• C. Limiting total fat intake to less than 30% of energy intake
• D. Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Limiting saturated fat intake to less than 7% of energy intake.' This is a central feature of the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) recommended for treating high blood cholesterol. Saturated fats can increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a significant risk factor for heart disease. Choice A is incorrect because while it is recommended to limit cholesterol intake, it's not suggested to avoid all foods containing cholesterol entirely in the TLC. Choice B is also incorrect as although reducing sodium intake is beneficial for controlling blood pressure, it's not specifically targeted in the TLC for managing high cholesterol. Lastly, while limiting total fat intake is a healthy guideline, it's not as specific or effective as limiting saturated fat intake, making choice C also incorrect.

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