ATI RN
RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN
1. A preschool-age boy presents to the outpatient clinic for a sore throat. In the child’s mind, which is the most likely cause for the sore throat?
- A. Being exposed to a classmate with strep throat
- B. Not eating the right foods
- C. Not taking daily vitamins
- D. Yelling at sibling for being annoying
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Preschool-age children often attribute illness to their actions, like yelling at a sibling or not following instructions. They may not understand medical causes such as exposure to infections like strep throat (choice A), dietary factors (choice B), or vitamin deficiencies (choice C). It is common for young children to connect symptoms to recent behaviors or events within their limited understanding.
2. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, "What is meant by family-centered care?" The nurse should respond with which statement?
- A. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family
- B. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system
- C. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child’s life
- D. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making process
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Family-centered care emphasizes the importance of the family as the constant in a child's life, involving them in all aspects of care and decision-making.
3. What statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?
- A. It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
- B. Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
- C. It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
- D. The decision for transplantation is difficult because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Renal transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for children with end-stage renal disease, as it offers the best chance for a normal lifestyle compared to long-term dialysis. Transplantation can be performed at any age, and kidneys can come from adult donors as well.
4. For a child with Kawasaki disease, which symptom is most indicative of the acute phase?
- A. Strawberry tongue
- B. Joint pain
- C. Rash
- D. Peeling skin
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Strawberry tongue. In Kawasaki disease, a 'strawberry tongue' is most indicative of the acute phase. This refers to the tongue appearing red and swollen with enlarged fungiform papillae, giving it a strawberry-like appearance. Joint pain (Choice B) is more commonly associated with other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Rash (Choice C) and peeling skin (Choice D) are also seen in Kawasaki disease but are not as specific to the acute phase as the presence of a strawberry tongue.
5. Melena, the passage of black, tarry stools, suggests bleeding from which source?
- A. The perianal or rectal area
- B. The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract
- C. The lower GI tract
- D. Hemorrhoids or anal fissures
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Melena indicates bleeding from the upper GI tract. The black, tarry appearance of the stool results from the partial digestion of blood as it passes through the intestines, typically originating from sources like the stomach or duodenum. Lower GI bleeding usually presents as bright red blood in the stool, originating from sources like the colon or rectum. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because melena specifically points to upper GI bleeding rather than issues in the perianal/rectal area, lower GI tract, or hemorrhoids/anal fissures.