Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is reviewing the lab report of a client who has been experiencing a fever for the last 3 days. What lab result indicates the client is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD)?

• A. Decreased BUN levels
• B. Increased hematocrit
• C. Increased white blood cell count
• D. Decreased hematocrit

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased hematocrit. Increased hematocrit indicates hemoconcentration, which is a sign of fluid volume deficit. When there is a decrease in fluid volume in the body, the blood becomes more concentrated, leading to an increase in hematocrit levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because decreased BUN levels, increased white blood cell count, and decreased hematocrit are not indicative of fluid volume deficit.

2. A client with diabetes mellitus has a foot ulcer. What is an appropriate intervention to promote wound healing?

• A. Encourage a high-protein diet
• B. Apply a moisture-retentive dressing
• C. Provide daily wound irrigation
• D. Apply an ice pack to the wound

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to apply a moisture-retentive dressing. This promotes a moist wound environment, which is crucial for wound healing in clients with diabetes. Encouraging a high-protein diet may support overall health but is not directly related to wound healing. Daily wound irrigation can disrupt the wound healing process by removing necessary growth factors and cells. Applying an ice pack to the wound is contraindicated as it can impair circulation and delay wound healing.

3. A nurse is preparing to transfer a client from a bed to a chair. The client can bear partial weight and has upper body strength. What device should the nurse use?

• A. Mechanical lift
• B. Gait belt
• C. Slide board
• D. Stand-assist lift

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A stand-assist lift is the correct choice in this scenario. This device is suitable for clients who can bear partial weight and have upper body strength, as it allows them to actively participate in the transfer process. A mechanical lift is typically used for clients who are non-weight bearing or have limited mobility. A gait belt is used for providing support and stability during walking or transferring short distances. A slide board is used for transferring clients who are unable to bear weight and need assistance moving from one surface to another.

4. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a prescription for home oxygen therapy. What information should the nurse include?

• A. Increase the oxygen flow rate when shortness of breath occurs
• B. Turn off the oxygen when not in use
• C. Avoid open flames or smoking near oxygen
• D. Store the oxygen tubing near heat sources

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Avoid open flames or smoking near oxygen.' This information is crucial to prevent fire hazards as oxygen supports combustion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing the oxygen flow rate without healthcare provider's instructions can be dangerous. Oxygen should not be turned off when not in use as prescribed by the healthcare provider, and storing oxygen tubing near heat sources poses a risk of fire.

5. A healthcare professional is reviewing the laboratory values of a client who is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD). What finding should the professional expect?

• A. Decreased hematocrit
• B. Increased hematocrit
• C. Decreased white blood cell count
• D. Increased red blood cell count

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Increased hematocrit.' In fluid volume deficit (FVD), there is a decrease in the amount of fluid in the blood vessels, leading to hemoconcentration. This results in an increase in hematocrit levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a decrease in hematocrit, decrease in white blood cell count, and an increase in red blood cell count are not typically seen in fluid volume deficit.

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