ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2019
1. A client has a prescription for furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take furosemide in the morning.
- B. Eat a diet high in potassium.
- C. Avoid foods high in magnesium.
- D. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client taking furosemide is to eat a diet high in potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, potentially causing hypokalemia. Consuming foods rich in potassium can help maintain normal potassium levels in the body and counteract the potential side effect of furosemide. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking furosemide in the morning does not specifically relate to its effectiveness or side effects, avoiding foods high in magnesium is not a primary concern when taking furosemide, and limiting fluid intake to 1 liter per day is not a general recommendation for individuals taking furosemide.
2. Which should the individual recognize as an example of the defense mechanism of repression?
- A. A student aware of the need to study for tomorrow's test goes to a movie instead.
- B. A woman whose son was killed in Iraq does not believe the military report.
- C. A man who is unhappily married goes to school to become a marriage counselor.
- D. A woman was raped when she was 12 and no longer remembers the incident.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Repression is a defense mechanism where distressing thoughts, feelings, or memories are pushed out of conscious awareness to protect the individual from emotional pain. In this scenario, the woman's inability to recall the traumatic event of being raped at the age of 12 indicates repression in action. Choices A, B, and C do not represent repression. Choice A reflects procrastination, choice B suggests denial, and choice C indicates sublimation as the man is channeling his unhappiness into a constructive pursuit.
3. A patient who is recovering from surgery should increase their intake of which nutrient to promote healing?
- A. Fats
- B. Carbohydrates
- C. Protein
- D. Fiber
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Protein is crucial for tissue repair and recovery after surgery. Proteins provide the building blocks necessary for tissue healing and regeneration. Fats are important for various bodily functions but are not as directly involved in tissue repair as proteins. Carbohydrates provide energy but do not play a primary role in tissue healing. Fiber is essential for digestive health but is not a nutrient that directly promotes tissue repair.
4. Your patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would the nurse interpret the results?
- A. Respiratory acidosis with no compensation
- B. Metabolic alkalosis with a compensatory alkalosis
- C. Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
- D. Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The given arterial blood gas results show a low pH, indicating acidosis, with normal pH range being 7.35 to 7.45. The low PaCO2 suggests alkalosis, while the low bicarb level indicates acidosis. In this scenario, the primary issue is the metabolic acidosis, as the pH bicarb relationship supports this. The compensatory response to metabolic acidosis is a decrease in PaCO2, leading to a respiratory alkalosis. Therefore, the correct interpretation is 'Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis.' Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the relationship between the pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 levels in the arterial blood gas results provided.
5. A nurse is caring for a client in an outpatient facility who has been taking Acarbose for type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse plan to monitor?
- A. WBC
- B. Serum potassium
- C. Platelet count
- D. Liver function test
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Liver function test. Acarbose can cause liver toxicity when taken long-term. Monitoring liver function tests periodically is essential to assess for any potential liver damage. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Acarbose does not directly impact white blood cell count, serum potassium levels, or platelet count.
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