Nursing Elites

1. A healthcare professional is performing a focused assessment on a client who has a history of COPD and is experiencing dyspnea. What finding should the healthcare professional expect?

• A. Decreased respiratory rate
• B. Flushing of the skin
• C. Flaring of the nostrils
• D. Productive cough

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Flaring of the nostrils is a sign of increased respiratory effort, which is common in clients with COPD experiencing dyspnea. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. A decreased respiratory rate is not expected in a client with COPD experiencing dyspnea, as they often have an increased respiratory rate. Flushing of the skin is not a typical finding associated with COPD or dyspnea. While a productive cough can be seen in COPD, it is not specifically related to the increased respiratory effort seen with dyspnea.

2. A charge nurse is making assignments for the upcoming shift. Which client should the charge nurse assign to a licensed practical nurse (LPN)?

• A. A client requiring IV antibiotics for pneumonia
• B. A client requiring monitoring for dehydration
• C. A client with dehydration and inflammatory bowel disease
• D. A client admitted for surgical wound care

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a client with dehydration and inflammatory bowel disease is stable enough for care by an LPN. This condition does not require complex interventions that would necessitate a higher level of nursing care. Choice A is incorrect as administering IV antibiotics for pneumonia requires a higher level of nursing expertise. Choice B is incorrect because monitoring for dehydration may involve assessing vital signs and making critical decisions. Choice D is incorrect as providing care for surgical wound care involves wound assessment, dressing changes, and monitoring for signs of infection, which typically require a registered nurse.

3. A nurse is reviewing the lab report of a client who has been experiencing a fever for the last 3 days. What lab result indicates the client is experiencing fluid volume deficit (FVD)?

• A. Decreased BUN levels
• B. Increased hematocrit
• C. Increased white blood cell count
• D. Decreased hematocrit

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased hematocrit. Increased hematocrit indicates hemoconcentration, which is a sign of fluid volume deficit. When there is a decrease in fluid volume in the body, the blood becomes more concentrated, leading to an increase in hematocrit levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because decreased BUN levels, increased white blood cell count, and decreased hematocrit are not indicative of fluid volume deficit.

4. A nurse enters a client's room and sees smoke coming from the trash can. What action should the nurse take first?

• A. Call for assistance
• B. Evacuate the room
• C. Attempt to put out the fire
• D. Turn off the oxygen supply

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the event of a fire, the priority is to ensure everyone's safety. Therefore, the nurse's initial action should be to evacuate the room. Calling for assistance can be done while evacuating, ensuring help is on the way. Attempting to put out the fire can be dangerous and may delay evacuation. Turning off the oxygen supply is not the first step in this situation, as the immediate concern is to remove individuals from the potential danger.

5. A nurse is assessing a client who has received intermittent enteral feedings. What finding indicates the client is tolerating the feeding?

• A. Nausea and vomiting
• B. Normal bowel sounds
• C. Weight gain
• D. Decreased abdominal distention

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Decreased abdominal distention. This finding indicates that the client is tolerating the feeding well without experiencing bloating or discomfort. Nausea and vomiting (choice A) are symptoms of intolerance to enteral feedings. Normal bowel sounds (choice B) are a good sign but do not directly indicate tolerance to the feeding. Weight gain (choice C) may occur due to factors other than enteral feedings.

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