Nursing Elites

1. A client had a left hip arthroplasty. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use to prevent dislocation?

• A. Maintain foam wedge between legs
• B. Monitor for shortening of the affected leg
• C. Encourage use of elastic stockings
• D. Avoid flexing the hips more than 60 degrees

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to maintain a foam wedge between the legs. This intervention helps prevent hip dislocation by maintaining proper leg alignment after surgery. Monitoring for shortening of the affected leg (choice B) is not directly related to preventing dislocation. Encouraging the use of elastic stockings (choice C) is more related to preventing deep vein thrombosis rather than dislocation. Avoiding flexing the hips more than 60 degrees (choice D) is important post-surgery, but it is not the most direct intervention to prevent dislocation.

2. Which factor places a patient at the highest risk for infection?

• A. A healthy immune system
• B. Presence of chronic illness
• C. Being well-nourished
• D. Age over 65 years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The presence of chronic illness is the factor that places a patient at the highest risk for infection. Chronic illness can compromise the immune system's ability to fight off infections effectively, making individuals more susceptible to getting sick. Option A, a healthy immune system, actually reduces the risk of infection. Option C, being well-nourished, can support overall health but does not directly correlate with infection risk. While age over 65 years is a risk factor for certain infections due to age-related immune system changes, chronic illness has a more significant impact on infection risk.

3. Which intervention reduces reservoirs of infection in a healthcare setting?

• A. Placing capped needles and syringes in puncture-resistant containers
• B. Keeping bedside table surfaces clean and dry
• C. Changing dressings that become wet or soiled
• D. Placing tissues and soiled dressings in paper bags

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Placing capped needles and syringes in puncture-resistant containers is the correct intervention to reduce infection reservoirs in healthcare settings. This practice helps prevent accidental needle-stick injuries and contains potentially infectious materials properly. Keeping bedside table surfaces clean and dry (choice B) is essential for preventing the spread of infections but does not directly address reducing reservoirs of infection. Changing dressings that become wet or soiled (choice C) is important for wound care but does not specifically target infection reservoirs. Placing tissues and soiled dressings in paper bags (choice D) is a proper waste disposal practice but does not directly reduce reservoirs of infection in a healthcare setting.

4. A nurse is using the ecologic model for population health to develop interventions to address HIV in a community. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include to address financial factors affecting community health?

• A. Have adolescents lead peer discussions in schools about safe sexual practices
• B. Distribute condoms through remote community clinics
• C. Create commercial advertisements describing the long-term effects of HIV
• D. Include information about perinatal HIV transmission at prenatal education classes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Distributing condoms addresses financial barriers by providing access to essential protective measures in remote areas. Choice A focuses on education rather than direct intervention related to financial factors. Choice C involves advertising and not a direct intervention to address financial factors. Choice D pertains to education about HIV transmission rather than directly addressing financial barriers affecting community health.

5. A nurse is discussing organ donation with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. To donate organs, a client must provide consent prior to death
• B. The transplant team will harvest the organs for donation from the donor client
• C. During admission, all clients over the age of 18 should be asked about their organ donor status
• D. The National Organ Transplant Act prohibits the sale and purchase of organs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Asking clients over 18 about their organ donation status upon admission is essential to ensure their wishes are respected. Option A is incorrect because organ donation requires consent, not harvesting. Option B is incorrect because the transplant team, not the donor client's provider, is responsible for organ retrieval. Option D is incorrect because the National Organ Transplant Act prohibits the commercialization of organ transactions, not their donation.

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