Nursing Elites

1. A client expresses anxiety about an upcoming surgery. What should the nurse do?

• A. Administer a sedative
• B. Ask the client to describe their feelings
• C. Call the surgeon to address the anxiety
• D. Provide information on post-op care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a client expresses anxiety, it is essential for the nurse to encourage the client to verbalize their feelings. This helps the client express concerns, fears, and uncertainties, enabling the nurse to provide appropriate emotional support. Administering a sedative (Choice A) should not be the initial response as it does not address the underlying emotional needs of the client. Calling the surgeon to address anxiety (Choice C) may not be within the nurse's scope of practice and may not directly address the client's emotional needs. Providing information on post-op care (Choice D) is important but not the priority when the client is experiencing anxiety preoperatively.

2. A nurse is reviewing a client's health history and identifies urinary incontinence as a risk factor for pressure injuries. What should the nurse include in the plan of care?

• A. Use a heating pad for comfort
• B. Apply a barrier cream to the skin
• C. Reposition the client every 4 hours
• D. Change the client's position every 2 hours

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to reposition the client every 4 hours. Repositioning the client helps prevent pressure injuries caused by urinary incontinence by relieving pressure on vulnerable areas of the skin. Choice A, using a heating pad for comfort, is not directly related to preventing pressure injuries. Choice B, applying a barrier cream to the skin, may help protect the skin but does not address the underlying cause of pressure injuries. Choice D, changing the client's position every 2 hours, is more frequent than necessary and may not be as effective in preventing pressure injuries as repositioning every 4 hours.

3. When reviewing the health history of an older adult with a hip fracture, what should a nurse identify as a risk factor for developing pressure injuries?

• A. Malnutrition
• B. Poor hygiene
• C. Urinary incontinence
• D. Immobility

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Urinary incontinence is a risk factor for skin breakdown, which can lead to the development of pressure injuries. While malnutrition, poor hygiene, and immobility are important considerations in overall patient care, they are not specifically identified as significant risk factors for pressure injuries in this scenario.

4. A client with diabetes mellitus has a foot ulcer. What is an appropriate intervention to promote wound healing?

• A. Apply a heating pad to the wound
• B. Apply a moisture-retentive dressing
• C. Provide daily wound irrigation
• D. Apply an ice pack to the wound

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to apply a moisture-retentive dressing. This type of dressing promotes a moist wound environment, which is crucial for wound healing. Applying a heating pad can lead to tissue damage, while daily wound irrigation can disrupt the wound healing process. Applying an ice pack is not recommended for promoting wound healing in this scenario.

5. A client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care. What instruction should the nurse include?

• A. Apply lotion between the toes after bathing
• B. Wear shoes at all times
• C. Cut toenails in a rounded shape
• D. Inspect the feet weekly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to wear shoes at all times. This instruction is vital for clients with diabetes mellitus as it helps protect the feet and reduces the risk of injury. Option A is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can increase moisture and the risk of fungal infections. Option C is incorrect as cutting toenails in a rounded shape may lead to ingrown toenails. Option D is also incorrect as inspecting the feet weekly is not sufficient for proper foot care in clients with diabetes mellitus.

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