Nursing Elites

1. A client expresses anxiety about an upcoming surgery. What should the nurse do?

• A. Administer a sedative
• B. Ask the client to describe their feelings
• C. Call the surgeon to address the anxiety
• D. Provide information on post-op care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a client expresses anxiety, it is essential for the nurse to encourage the client to verbalize their feelings. This helps the client express concerns, fears, and uncertainties, enabling the nurse to provide appropriate emotional support. Administering a sedative (Choice A) should not be the initial response as it does not address the underlying emotional needs of the client. Calling the surgeon to address anxiety (Choice C) may not be within the nurse's scope of practice and may not directly address the client's emotional needs. Providing information on post-op care (Choice D) is important but not the priority when the client is experiencing anxiety preoperatively.

2. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. What food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

• A. Steamed carrots
• B. Orange slices
• C. Mashed potatoes
• D. Baked chicken

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Orange slices. For a client on a mechanical soft diet, foods that are difficult to chew and swallow should be avoided. Orange slices fall into this category due to their texture and potential choking hazard. Steamed carrots, mashed potatoes, and baked chicken are typically suitable for a mechanical soft diet as they can be easily mashed or cut into small, manageable pieces for consumption.

3. When performing an abdominal assessment on a client, what action should the nurse take first?

• A. Palpate the abdomen
• B. Auscultate bowel sounds
• C. Inspect the abdomen
• D. Percuss the abdomen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to auscultate bowel sounds. This action should be taken first because it ensures that bowel sounds are not altered by physical manipulation. Inspecting the abdomen (choice C) may provide visual cues but does not address functional assessment. Palpating the abdomen (choice A) should follow auscultation to prevent altering bowel sounds. Percussing the abdomen (choice D) is typically done after auscultation and palpation.

4. A client is being taught about measures to promote sleep for insomnia. Which client statement indicates understanding?

• A. I will take naps during the day to help me sleep at night
• B. I should drink caffeine to help me stay awake during the day
• C. I should reduce my fluid intake 2 hours before bedtime
• D. I should exercise right before bed to tire myself out

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. By reducing fluid intake 2 hours before bedtime, the client can prevent nighttime awakenings to urinate, which promotes better sleep. Napping during the day (choice A) may interfere with nighttime sleep. Drinking caffeine (choice B) can disrupt sleep patterns. Exercising right before bed (choice D) can actually stimulate the body and make it harder to fall asleep.

5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for a narcotic medication. After administration, what should the nurse do with the unused portion?

• A. Document the amount wasted
• B. Store it for later use
• C. Discard it with another nurse as a witness
• D. Return it to the pharmacy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: After administering a narcotic medication, any unused portion should be discarded with another nurse as a witness. This procedure ensures proper disposal of controlled substances and prevents misuse or diversion. Storing it for later use (Choice B) is not appropriate due to safety concerns and legal regulations. Returning it to the pharmacy (Choice D) is also not recommended as the medication is already out of the pharmacy's control. Documenting the amount wasted (Choice A) is important for accurate record-keeping but does not address the immediate need for safe disposal of the unused narcotic medication.

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