Nursing Elites

1. When caring for a client with anorexia nervosa in a psychiatric unit, which intervention should the nurse implement to address the client's nutritional needs?

• A. Provide small, frequent meals throughout the day.
• B. Monitor the client's weight daily.
• C. Offer a liquid supplement if the client refuses solid food.
• D. Encourage the client to choose from a variety of food options.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Providing small, frequent meals throughout the day is a crucial intervention when caring for a client with anorexia nervosa. This approach helps in gradually increasing caloric intake and meeting the client's nutritional needs. Offering large meals can be overwhelming and may contribute to anxiety in these clients. By providing small, frequent meals, the nurse supports the client in establishing a healthier eating pattern and aids in the restoration of adequate nutrition levels. Monitoring the client's weight daily (Choice B) may exacerbate anxiety related to body image and weight, which are common concerns in anorexia nervosa. Offering a liquid supplement if the client refuses solid food (Choice C) may not address the underlying issues related to food aversion and may not provide the necessary nutrients in a balanced way. Encouraging the client to choose from a variety of food options (Choice D) may be overwhelming for someone with anorexia nervosa and could lead to increased anxiety around food choices.

2. A patient with bipolar disorder is prescribed quetiapine. The nurse should monitor the patient for which common side effect?

• A. Weight gain
• B. Hypertension
• C. Hair loss
• D. Hyperthyroidism

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight gain is a common side effect of quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic. Quetiapine can lead to metabolic changes that may result in weight gain. Monitoring weight regularly is essential to address this potential side effect. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Quetiapine is not typically associated with hypertension, hair loss, or hyperthyroidism as common side effects.

3. Adolescents often display fluctuations in mood along with undeveloped emotional regulation and poor tolerance for frustration. Emotional and behavioral control usually increases over the course of adolescence due to:

• A. Limited executive function
• B. Cerebellum maturation
• C. Cerebral stasis and hormonal changes
• D. A slight reduction in brain volume

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During adolescence, emotional and behavioral control typically improves as the cerebellum matures. The cerebellum plays a significant role in regulating emotions and behavior, contributing to the increased control seen in adolescents over time.

4. A patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prescribed prazosin. The nurse understands that this medication is used to treat which symptom of PTSD?

• A. Flashbacks
• B. Nightmares
• C. Hypervigilance
• D. Depression

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prazosin is a medication often prescribed to manage nightmares in patients with PTSD. It works by blocking the action of adrenaline on specific receptors, which helps in reducing the intensity and frequency of nightmares. While flashbacks, hypervigilance, and depression are also common symptoms of PTSD, prazosin is specifically indicated for nightmares associated with the disorder. Flashbacks are typically addressed through therapies like cognitive-behavioral therapy, hypervigilance may be managed through counseling and coping strategies, and depression may necessitate antidepressant medications or therapy tailored for depression.

5. During an acute panic attack, which intervention should the nurse implement?

• A. Encourage the client to discuss their feelings
• B. Provide a calm environment
• C. Teach the client deep breathing exercises
• D. Leave the client alone to calm down

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During an acute panic attack, the priority intervention is to create a calm and safe environment. Teaching the client deep breathing exercises is crucial as it promotes relaxation and reduces hyperventilation, helping to manage the panic attack effectively. Encouraging the client to discuss their feelings may exacerbate the panic by increasing emotional distress. Providing a busy environment can escalate stress levels rather than alleviate them. Leaving the client alone may lead to feelings of abandonment or worsen the panic attack. Therefore, the most appropriate intervention is to teach deep breathing exercises to help the client regain control and manage the panic attack.

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