ATI RN
ATI Gastrointestinal System
1. A client is admitted to the hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse expect to note based on this diagnosis?
- A. Spider angiomas
- B. Fatigue
- C. Pale urine
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Common signs of acute viral hepatitis include weight loss, dark urine, and fatigue. The client is anorexic, possibly from a toxin produced by the diseased liver, and finds food distasteful. The urine darkens because of excess bilirubin being excreted by the kidneys. Fatigue occurs during all phases of hepatitis.
2. In egalitarian marriages, __________.
- A. there is a clear division of roles
- B. partners share power and authority
- C. the husband is the head of the household
- D. the wife is responsible for family economic well-being
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In egalitarian marriages, the correct answer is B - partners share power and authority. This type of marriage promotes equality and balance, where both spouses have an equal say in decision-making and share responsibilities. Choice A is incorrect because egalitarian marriages aim to reduce traditional role divisions. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a patriarchal structure, which is contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. Choice D is incorrect as it assigns a specific financial role based on gender, which goes against the idea of equal sharing in all aspects of the marriage.
3. A client taking nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) complains of a headache. Which conclusion is most appropriate by the nurse?
- A. A headache indicates a serious allergic reaction to nitroglycerin.
- B. The client will not have a headache if the nitroglycerin is taken with a high-fat meal.
- C. Nitroglycerin does not cause a headache.
- D. The most common side effect of nitroglycerin is a headache.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is known to cause headaches as a common side effect due to its vasodilatory properties. It dilates blood vessels, which can lead to headaches. While a headache can indicate other serious conditions, the most common association with nitroglycerin use is a headache. It is crucial for the nurse to recognize this side effect and provide appropriate education and support to the client.
4. What is the procedure where a small mesh tube is inserted into an artery to keep it open after angioplasty?
- A. Stent placement
- B. Bypass surgery
- C. Angioplasty
- D. Valve replacement
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, stent placement. Stent placement involves inserting a small mesh tube into an artery to maintain its openness after angioplasty. This choice is correct because it directly describes the procedure mentioned in the question. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Bypass surgery involves rerouting blood flow around a blocked artery using a vessel from another part of the body. Angioplasty is the procedure of widening a narrowed or blocked blood vessel, often followed by stent placement. Valve replacement is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased heart valve with an artificial or biological valve.
5. A parent of a child with cystic fibrosis is being taught about dietary guidelines. Which statement by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. My child should eat a high-calorie, high-protein diet.
- B. My child should avoid eating eggs.
- C. My child should follow a low-fat, low-sodium diet.
- D. My child should follow a high-fiber, high-protein diet.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. For a child with cystic fibrosis, a high-calorie, high-protein diet is recommended to meet the increased metabolic needs associated with the condition. The protein helps with growth and repair, while the extra calories help compensate for malabsorption and increased energy requirements. Choice B is incorrect because eggs are a good source of protein and essential nutrients unless the child has a specific allergy. Choice C is incorrect as a low-fat, low-sodium diet is not typically recommended for children with cystic fibrosis who need higher calorie and fat intake. Choice D is incorrect because while a high-protein diet is beneficial, a high-fiber diet may not be suitable for a child with cystic fibrosis due to potential gastrointestinal issues.
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