Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is screening children at a local community health clinic for infectious diseases. Which child is at highest risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV)?

• A. A newborn.
• B. A 3-year-old.
• C. A 7-year-old.
• D. An 11-year-old.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: a newborn. Newborns are at the highest risk for HBV due to potential transmission from the mother. The hepatitis B virus can be transmitted from an infected mother to her baby during childbirth. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because newborns have a higher risk due to this mode of transmission, making them more vulnerable compared to older children.

2. A client comes into the community health center upset and crying stating, “I will die of cancer now that I have this disease.” And then the client hands the nurse a paper with one word written on it: 'Pheochromocytoma.' Which response should the nurse state initially?

• A. 'Pheochromocytomas usually aren't cancerous (malignant). But they may be associated with cancerous tumors in other endocrine glands such as the thyroid (medullary carcinoma of the thyroid).'
• B. 'This problem is diagnosed by blood and urine tests that reveal elevated levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline.'
• C. 'Computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to detect an adrenal tumor.'
• D. 'You probably have had episodes of sweating, heart pounding, and headaches.'

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct initial response for the nurse to provide in this situation is to offer reassurance. Stating that 'Pheochromocytomas usually aren't cancerous (malignant)' helps to alleviate the client's anxiety and fear of having cancer. This response also establishes a foundation for further discussion about the condition, allowing the nurse to address the client's concerns and provide accurate information. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses solely on the diagnostic tests for pheochromocytoma but does not address the client's emotional distress. Choice C is incorrect as it discusses imaging modalities without directly addressing the client's concerns. Choice D is also incorrect as it assumes symptoms without first addressing the client's emotional state and fear of cancer.

3. What refers to a systematic approach of obtaining, organizing, and analyzing numerical facts so that conclusions may be drawn from them?

• A. Vital statistics
• B. Statistics
• C. Morbidity
• D. Mortality

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Statistics'. Statistics is the systematic approach of obtaining, organizing, and analyzing numerical facts to draw conclusions. Vital statistics, morbidity, and mortality are more specific terms within the field of statistics. Vital statistics focus on births, deaths, marriages, and divorces. Morbidity refers to the incidence of illness or disease in a population. Mortality specifically deals with deaths in a population. Hence, B is the most comprehensive and fitting choice for the definition provided.

4. The client with asthma who is sensitive to house dust-mites is being instructed by the nurse. Which information about prevention of asthma episodes would be the most helpful to include during the teaching?

• A. Change the pillow covers every month
• B. Wash bed linens in warm water with a cold rinse
• C. Wash and rinse the bed linens in hot water
• D. Use air filters in the furnace system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to wash and rinse the bed linens in hot water to help eliminate dust mites, a common trigger for asthma episodes. Washing in hot water is more effective in killing dust mites compared to warm water. Changing pillow covers every month may help but is not as effective as washing bed linens in hot water. Using air filters in the furnace system may improve air quality but does not directly target dust mites on bed linens.

5. A client is admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following lab values would be consistent with this diagnosis?

• A. Low serum albumin
• B. High serum cholesterol
• C. Abnormally low white blood cell count
• D. Elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK)

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK). Elevated CPK levels indicate muscle damage, including damage to the cardiac muscle, which aligns with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Choice A, low serum albumin, is not directly related to myocardial infarction. Choice B, high serum cholesterol, is more associated with conditions like atherosclerosis rather than acute myocardial infarction. Choice C, abnormally low white blood cell count, is typically not a lab value associated with myocardial infarction; instead, it could suggest other conditions like infections or bone marrow issues.

Similar Questions